| A series of 5 experiments were conducted to investigate the extraction, structure, immunomodulating effects of three Chinese traditional herbal polysaccharides and approach the mechanism from view of cellular signal transduction.Experiment 1 Studies of the extraction, purification and chemical characteristics of aloe polysaccharide and astragalanThis research was conducted to study the extraction, purification and chemical characteristics of aloe polysaccharide(AP) and astragalan polysaccharide(ASP). The results showed that crude AP has three components, The molecular weight of component 2 was 45400. It was composed of glucose, mannose, galactose and fructose, as well as trace fucose and xylose. Its mole ration was 5.369: 12.38: 1: 3.896: 0.094: 0.381. Crude ASP has two components, the molecular weight of component 1 was 67600. It was composed of glucose, mannose, galactose and fructose, as well as trace fucose and xylose. Its mole ration was 22.776: 3.518: 1: 3.704: 2.981: 0.745 respectively. The infrared spectrums of AP and ASP are typical one of polysaccharide, the peak absorption of AP was at 3398.49, 2934.78,1591.14,1419.22,1320.74,1093.68 and 879.95 cm"1, while the peak absorption of ASP was at 3396.04, 2920.28, 1622.79,1418.29, 1385.19,1150.93, 1078.67, 843.82,1023.04 cm-1. The ultraviolet spectrum revealed that both purified polysaccharide did not contain protein and nucleic acid. The chemical analysis revealed that AP is an acidic one and ASP is a neutral one.Experiment 2 Effect of different herbal polysaccharide on immunity and growth performance of broilersThis research was conducted to study the effect of different herbal polysaccharides supplemented in the feed at the dose of 200mg/kg on immunity and growth performance of young broilers. It was found that three polysaccharides had no effect on growth performance of broilers relative to the control during the 28day trial, but affected the immunity in a different way; they all increased Bursa index significantly(p<0.01), Achyranthan(ACH) also increased HI titers significantly(p<0.05)and lymphocyte proliferation(p=0.12),three polysaccharide alsosignificantly affected serum index, they increased serum albumin and calcium concentration significantly. The result indicates that smaller molecular weight polysaccharide may be more effective than larger ones in stimulating immunity when administered orally.Experiment 3 Studies on the antiviral and antibacterial activity of different herbal polysaccharidesThis research was conducted to study the in vitro antiviral, antibacterial activity and protection of broilers infected with Newcastle virus of different herbal polysaccharides. It was found that at low concentrations (0.1%),three polysaccharides had no antibacterial activities to five bacteria. At the concentration of 0.5 and 1%, AP and ACH could inhibit the proliferation of Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, AP had antibacterial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of 1%. No antiviral activity to Newcastle virus was observed for three polysaccharide at the concentration of 10 ug/ml, ACH showed no antiviral activity at all concentrations. AP showed significant antiviral activity to ND virus at 500 and lOO^g/ml. ASP also showed significant antiviral activity to ND virus at 50ug/ml 1. In the protection trial, all three polysaccharide significantly increased HI antibody titers when injected. Despite the polysaccharide treatment, all non-vaccined broilers were infected and died by virulent ND virus attack. But for vaccined broilers, all three polysaccharide decreased the mortality of ND virus assaulted chickens. The above results indicated that the in vitro antibacterial activity of polysaccharide is weak ASP and AP had antiviral activity to ND virus in vitro depending on the doses. Polysaccharide can decrease the mortality of ND virus infected broilers by increasing HI antibody titers, but showed no use for non-vaccined broilers.Experiment 4 Effect of different herbal polysaccharide on splenocyte function...
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