| Laoshan scenic spot, regarded as national-scenic spot, is still blank at present in ecology research on macro-scale. So this text combine together with landscape ecological theory and Laoshan practical scenic spot and use many kinds of means , such as the pattern analytical method of the view and mathematical statistics ,etc. Through studying the laws of landscape pattern dynamic change and the quantitative-evaluation index of forest landscape on 3 period of various years, we apply the laws to protective management, utilization and development of Laoshan scenic spot to set up rational characteristic natural landscape and humanity landscape. That will has a great significance in theory and practice to sustainable utilizing the forest resource and constructing the scenic spot of Laoshan. Meanwhile this text synthesize resource appraise theories from some scholar and as the first time in Laoshan history to comprehensively appraise the forest ecosystem service function in Laoshan scenic spot, which further provided a basis on count and valuation of ecological profit and "ecological compensation" in the scenic spot forest . In this text, results of study indicate:1. Through analyzing the landscape dynamic change in 1983.1991.2001, we found that from 1983 to 1991,the patch number decreased from 217 to 209 and Landscape Brokenness subside progressively, but from 1991 to 2001,the patch number increased to 231 and Landscape Heterogeneity increase, which demonstrate that the degree of brokenness aggravates.2. The landscape diversity level is not high in Laoshan scenic spot. Patches are mainly filled with black pine and larch, and for some landscapes only one type or several types of patches predominates , in which patches. The area order of forest type is Larix kaempferi forest > Pinus thunbergii forest > Robinia pseudoacacia forest > Finns densiflora forest > Alnus ssp. forest > spare ground > Querus acutissiima forest > Pinus tabulaeformis forest. In the comparison of 3 diversity index from 1983 to 2001, the tends show that the landscape diversity and the evenness tend to ascend and the dominance tend to drop, especially the diversity increase from 1.2869 in 1983 to 1.4305 in 2001.3. In Laoshan scenic spot, the distribution and the slope of landscape patch show a normal distribution in statistics, variety there is obvious rising among 11-40 slope district, and the accessional range is above 0.15. patch distribute dose not have great relation to the slope and the distribution is relatively even, patches occupying a large partin the exposure slope. The order by the count rate should be: sunny slope > shady slope > half sunny slope > half shady slope; The kinds of patch concentrate in high district 201-800m, patches and diversity are up to the highest point at 401-600m of elevation, which means a very high heterogeneity of elevation there.4. Over the past 20 years, the fractal index as whole in Laoshan scenic spot is relatively low and with little change.Its change range is between 1.25-1.35 except for Pinus densiflora forest, which prove that every type of patch border is relatively regular. In forested land the interspersion and juxtaposition index of main patches are in little change from 1983 to 1991, but they rise obviously in 1991-2001, which proves that forested land distribute randomly. Overall connectance index is low, under 35 for all patches. Moreover, aggregation index are all above 65 and gather degree is very high.5. Using Markov model we analysis, simulate and predict the variative trends of Laoshan scenic spot. According to trnsfer matrices, the changes in 1983-1991 are less than that in 1991-2001. There are tends for broadleaf-tree stands to extend to the conifer stands. Most of shifting occur at inner place in woodlands. The area of seedling land will be further decrease.By Markov model we predict that total area of woodland will decrease 66.4hm2 in 2011, decreasing as much as 0.92% of that in 2001. The area of seedling land will decrease 4.15 hm2or as much as 46.68% of that in 200...
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