Analyses On The Current Status Of Seed Purity In Main Grain And Oil Crop Hybrids In Sichuan Province And Studies On The Management Countermeasures

Seed quality control is the core of seed work. The quality of seed is life of seed production. Seed quality is also intimately correlated to agricultural production and to the overall situation of food safety. Strategy of quality competition has become an inevitable choice in seed industry in the 21st century. After China's entry to the WTO, competitions in seed industry have become an all-round event, changing from simple price competition to the multi-directional competitions, with competition in quality being a main tactics. Seed enterprises depend on seed quality to open up and to occupy the domestic and international markets. Seed quality has become a main means for them to win the markets. Aiming at problems existing in seed quality in Sichuan province, it is urgent to make studies and to propose feasible countermeasures, in order to strengthen seed quality control, to enforce seed quality surveillance and to raise the seed quality level and the core competitiveness of our seed industry on the seed markets.To this purpose, the current situation and existing problems in seed industry in Sichuan province were analyzed,. and the main released varieties in use (Gangyou725,II You838, Chuandanl5, Shuza6) in 3 grain and oil seed crops, including rice, maize and rapeseed, representing three different reproduction modes, supplied by representative enterprises in Sichuan province, were used as study materials. Purity of the seeds was tested with field planting identification and SSR molecular markers. The seed samples were taken from three representative seed enterprises with different nature, production capacity, scientific force and physical conditions in Sichuan province. The management countermeasures to improve seed quality were explored, and the tactic thought of seed industry development in Sichuan was proposed. The main results are the following:1 It was observed through surveys and studies in present research that, since China's Reform and Opening-up, seed industries in Sichuan have developed on a large scale. However, the following problems still exist. The reform of seed industry system lagged behind. "Government and enterprise " was in an entity. This system was not adapted to the requirements in the new situation, and influenced seed management and the implementation of seed law. It was difficult for seed enterprises to run business based on the marketmechanism. Degree of industrialization was low. Research and development ability was weak. "Breeding, multiplication and extension" were separated. The enterprises are Jack of key competitiveness on the seed markets. Scientific research and innovation of seed technology were poor. Management of seed production was weak, and seed quality control was incomplete.2 It was indicated that field planting identification could be generally used; SSR identification indicated that this method was more accurate , stricter, quicker and more reliable. We should combine field planting with molecular marker identification methods for tests of purity in hybrids and their parents in crops. In rice and maize, SSR fingerprint maps have been established and tests of seed purity should rely mainly on SSR markers. Field planting observation could can be a supplementary method for the two crops. In rapeseed SSR map has not been established, so field planting identification could be a main method, but feasibility of SSR marker method could be further explored.3 It was indicated in the analyses of seed purity from different sources, that significant difference existed. The seed purity of hybrids was generally low. There was no direct relationship between seed purity and enterprise nature, production scale and business ability. However, there was a relationship between seed purity and scientific research strength in seed enterprises. The author considered that seed enterprises should increase their scientific inputs to increase their technological strength, and to improve their seed purity.4 Based on the results and analyses of seed purity from different sources, the author considered that the government and agriculture administration management department should take the following countermeasures: Setting up complete management system for seed quality control, seed quality supervision, seed quality testing and seed quality certification. Meanwhile, seed enterprises should hold in mind that seed quality is life of enterprises, Honesty of enterprises must be further enforced. They must insist in that " the customers are the God ". They must keep quality and honesty in mind through out the process of seed production and seed marketing. Seed enterprises must establish a quality assurance system, set up a self supervision system, and a self quality control structure in order to carry out strict quality standards and guarantee quality of seeds.5 Based on analyses of the trend in seed industry development, and on the present situationof seed production and existing problems in Sichuan province, the author proposed the following strategic point: (1) Reform systems-Realize innovation and breakthrough in reforming the systems; (2) Convert mechanisms—Realize innovation and breakthrough in converting the mechanisms (3) Regulate behaviors—Realize innovation and breakthrough in administration (4) Strengthen innovation in management—Realize innovation and breakthrough in breeding of new varieties.