Content And Component Variance Of Essential Oil In Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) And Their Response To Environmental Factor

Effects of environmental factors on content and components variance of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were studied using Inner Mongolia fennel cultivars as materials. The essential oil was extracted and fixed quantify by a simultaneous distillation and extraction installation, the components of essential oil were identified by GC-MS with Kovats index. The relative content of each component of essential oil was ascertained by method of peak area nomalization. The main conclusions are as follows:The contents of essential oil in reproductive organs were higher than that of nutrient organs with a sequence of fruit> anthotaxy> peduncle> leaves> stem> root. There were different major components of essential oil in different organs: root was dillapiol which exists only in root, stem was limonene and (E)-anethole, and leaf, peduncle, anthotaxy and fruit were (E)-anethole and limonene. The relative content of (E)-anethole in essential oil from different fennel organs except for root was fruit> leaves > peduncle> anthotaxy> stem. The relative content of limonene was stem > anthotaxy >peduncle >leaves >fruit >root.With fennel development, the contents of essential oil in the plant and seed were increased slowly in a linear function untill it arrived at the peak value during harvest stage. The relative contents of (E)-anethole in essential oil showed a trend of reducing firstly and increasing again, while the changing pattern in relative content of limonene was contrary to that of (E)-anethole. The contents of monoterpenes compounds, such as limonene and γ-terpinene, dropped continually, however, the contents of (E)-anethole, Estragole and Fenchone enhanced ceaselessly, during the riping course of fennel fruit.Contents of essential oil in fennel fruit from different producing area of china were 1.65-3.79 m L / 100g DM, the relative content of (E)-anethole was 76.05-82.22% , and that of Fenchone was 1.98-8.11%. The content of essential oil in German fennel was 7.69 ml / 100g DM. There were no obvious difference in components among German fennel, Inner Mongolia fennel and xinjiang fennel.The contents of essential oil and the yields of essential oil per plant increased continually with prolonged photophase light length, increased light intensity and CO₂ concentrations. The yields of essential oil per plant increased with improved soil water content, but the highest content of essential oil was in condition of moderate soil water content, not in sufficient soil water content. Effects of light length, light intensity and CO₂ concentrations on the relative contents of major component in essential oil were not significant, however, a significant difference in the relative contents among (E)-anethole, limonene and else major essential oil component was observed under different soil moisture.A solution cultivation one-factor experiment was conducted, the results obtained were as follows: the treatments be of most contents of essential oil were 1/4N, 1/8P and 1/4K, the treatments be of most yields per plant were 1N> IP and IK. There was a significant or very significant difference in relative contents of essential oil components among the different treatments of N and P. A significant or very significant difference in relative contents of the most components of essential oil except for the 6 components be of very lower contents among different treatments of K was observed.Correlation analysis among contents of essential oil, yield of essential oil per plant and the C, N content of fennel treated with different N,P,K concentrations was done. The results showed that the contents of essential oil were significantly positive correlated to the full carbon contents, the full nitrogen contents, and the soluble sugar contents of fennel plant respectively, and significantly negative correlation to the proteinic nitrogen contents of fennel plant;The yields of essential oil per plant were significantly positive correlated to the full nitrogen contents of and the essential oil content, and significant negative correlation to the C/N of fennel plant.