| Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is a halo-tolerant and drought-resistant plant of northwest territory in China, belonging to natural anthocyanins pigment resource with abundant amaranthine pigment in its ripe berry. In order to chang the characteristic plant resources to preponderant economics, to bring forward effective approach for developing soline-alkali soil industry, the present research has involved a study of the original plant of Lycium ruthenicum Murr., the extracting and refining technology of the pigment, primary component pigment types, stability and antioxidant activity, regulating blood lipid metabolism by using the theories and methods of many subjects, such as those of botany, plant chemistry, food hygiene and toxicology, pharmacology. The feasibility of the pigment used as food additive with functionality is confirmed ultimately.The fresh fruit annual yield of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. in Xin Jiang province is about 5.44×107kg which is obtained by field survey research and literature data, and the resources reserve is abundant. The rDNA-ITS sequence is mensurated and analysed (having been registered in Genbank, the sequence number is AY880681), the DNA fingerprint can be offered to identify original plant in molecule level.The extracting and refining technology of the pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is studied. The results show that the best extracting conditions is 80% ethanol used 40 times volume than that of dried fruit, pH3.0, 50℃,3 hour; The X-5 macroporous resin is used to refine the pigment, the best adsorption conditions is 1 g/L pigment solution, pH3.0, 3mL/min, diament vs height: 1:15, which adsorption capacity is 0.03715 g/mL wet resin; The 95% ethanol is used as eluting solvent, pH2.0, 5 mL/min, 3 BV eluting solvent volume are the best desorption conditions, the pigment can be gotten more than 97.78％of that all. The pigment produced by this method is purple power, and its colour value is 36.7. The technique is simple and convenient, further more, it has good repeatability, output ratio can get to 9.07％.The study on chemistry of the pigment shows that the pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is a type of anthocyanins, has good water solubility, definite in resistance against heat and reductant to some extent, good in enduring nature light, ultraviolet radiation, but it is poor in resistance against oxide. This kind of pigment can be applied to pH value widely, and presents best colour in acid media. It is also found in the experiments that sucrose, preservative and metal ions, such as Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+, do not exert negative effects on the stability of the pigment while other metal ions, such as Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Sn2+, have ongoing negative effects with the increasing of metal ion concentrations. The stabilizer (0.04％Vitamin B1+0.01％tannin acid+0.01％cysteine) can enhance the resistance against heat.The study on the toxicological safety of the pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. shows that the LD50 is more than 24 g/kg, which fell into the scale of non-toxicity. The negative results are observed in the genetic toxiticy test of Ames experiment, bone marrow cell micronucleus, sperm shape abnormality test. Abnormal phenomena have not been found in 30 days' feeding test under the experimental dosage range of 2.4 g/kg, 1.2 g/kg, 0.24 g/kg·BW. And the harmful trace elements in the pigment are within the requirement of the National Standard on food safety in China. In a word, The pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. with good edible-safety properties can be utilized widely as natural food plant-pigment.The results of antioxidant activity in vitro experiment show that the pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. can scavenge DPPH·strongly with IC50 of 0.164 mg/mL, and inhibit hemolysis of mice erythrocyte evidently with IC50 of 0.112 mg/mL. The reactive oxygen species resistant power of mice serum is enhanced by the pigment, the concentration of MDA resulting from peroxidation of lipid in mice liver tissue can be reduced, and the swelling of mice liver mitochondria can also be restrained. The preventing experiments of the pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. on hyperlipemia show that the pigment could reduce the serum TC, TG, LDL-C concentrations, increase serum and liver T-AOC, GSH-PX activities, decrease liver MDA content significantly (P＜0.05). The pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. can inhibit the increase of blood lipids level and increase antioxidant activity in mice with hyperlipemia.
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