Molecular Biology Of Einkorn Wheat Germplasms

Einkorn wheats, including T.monococcum, T.boeoticum and T.urartu, are diploid wheats. They are the donor species of A genome for polyploid wheats, and have been regarded as an important genetic resource to improve cultivated wheat. In this paper, the genetic relationships of einkorn wheats were evaluated by APAGE, SDS-PAGE and RAMP. In addition, 2 LMW-GS gene sequences were isolated from T.monococcum and T.boeoticum, and a total of 8 α-gliadin genes were characterized from T.monococcum, T.boeoticum and T.urartu. The main results were described as following.1. The genetic variations of gliadin in 113 accessions of einkorn wheats were analyzed by A-PAGE (Acid-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, A-PAGE). The higher gliadin genetic variation was observed in the accessions of einkorn wheat. The genetic similarity based on the A-PAGE bands of the einkorn wheats ranged from 0.100 to 0.960, with mean 0.442. Clustering analysis indicated that these accessions of einkorn wheats could be divided into 2 major groups. In the accessions of T. boeoticum, T. monococcum and T.urartu, a total of 37, 33 and 38 alleles were identified, and the mean genetic variation indexes were 0.9378,0.9314 and 0.9251 at gli loci, respectively. Therefore, the highest genetic variations were found in T.urartu, whereas the lowest genetic variations were observed in T. monococcum.2. The genetic variations of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) in 113 accessions of einkorn wheats were detected by SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). A total of 7 lAx and 5 lAy subunits were detected, resulting in 20 HMW-GS combinations in 113 einkorn wheat accessions. In 30 accessions of T.boeoticum, there were 5 1 Ax and 4 1 Ay subunits, resulting in 12...