Study On Forestry Science And Technonlogy In Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

The 21st century is the century of ecological civilization, China's forest conservation and entironment will make a positive contribution to China and the global ecological civilization. The science and technology is the primary productive force, it accelerates the development achievements of human civilization process. Forestry science technique is rapidly developing, it will be strong support and promote Chinese ecological civilization building. Therefore, it is earnest to study and tally up Qing Dynasty the technical achievement of forestry science and result, absorbing and drawing lessons from forestry science technique of Qing Dynasty to develop of experience and teach, for nowadays of forestry modernization the construction have important meaning and the value. This thesis usage history research of method, from analysis Qing Dynasty forestry science technique make progress of the history background commence, gathering and inducing the forestry books, and at this foundation up, systematic researched the Qing Dynasty forestry basic knowledge and theory, tree cultivation techniques, forest pest control, forest use of science and technology, gardening techniques, thoughting to the Qing Dynasty's traditional forestry science technique in the meantime of evolve and Qing Dynasty Chinese and Foreign technical exchanges of forestry science with melted to remit and carry on and elaborate with introduction, tally up and settle a forestry science technique development of achievement and experience teach, put forward willing strengthen forestry science technique construction from now on of development direction and strategic point.The forestry science technique in Qing Dynasty is a development, maturity to get up under the conditional background of the particular politics, economy, culture and the natural environment, in China ancient forestry science technique development history up come to a higher level. Its outstanding performance is the agriculture book which is forestry science technique to write, not only at amount up exceed before in the past, but on the contents also more substantial and perfect ago with carried on more overall summary and induced but loaded in a historical work to the Chinese traditional forestry science technique. Expect after Qing Dynasty especially, test science to lead to go into, urge challenge and opportunity that experience science faces a change, make Chinese traditional technical achievement of forestry science and limit more and clearly display to come out. Research and analysis Qing Dynasty forestry science technique make progress of history background, then can go deep into a ground of understanding more and control forestry science of Qing Dynasty technical whole development progress, then analyzing forestry science technique of Qing Dynasty to develop of regulation, and providing to draw lessons from and make reference to contemporary technical development of forestry science and construction.Qing Dynasty's publication of agriculture books come to the ancient historical of the highest level,reflecting a Qing Dynasty produce fulfillment and science technical summary to the forestry, induce have already attained mature period.The history top biggest cluster book that Qing Dynasty officer fixs-- "The Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature" and the greatest books — "Compendium of Works of the Past and the Present", are the essences of Chinese ancient cultural heritage, they have made a tremendous contribution towards Chinese historical data. In addition, the emergence of numerous agricultural books about local and professional, all the body settles the exaltation of a development with technical forestry science and level now.The technical development of forestry science in Qing Dynasty, although be subjected to tie and fetter of the feudalism absolutist thought, also obtained certain achievement and the result. Zhao Xue-min genetic variation theory, Wu Qi-jun " real object graphics " to the progress and for the first time in border areas of Yunnan medicinal plants records, the identification of Qinling Mountains -the Huaihe River to another line of plants, the further thinking development of ecological agriculture by Qu Da-jun and Pu Song-ling, Chen announced the son ornamental plant cultivation techniques and theoretical research, peak gardening techniques, forest use technical means and raising the level of technology of papermaking machinery grasp, all emerge to settle the technical plenteous result of a forestry science.Took orders Chinese traditional technique thought of forestry science under the influence of Chinese Traditional Confucianism, Taoist, Buddhism"three just thought", "Yin-yang and the Five Elements" theory, "agriculture root idea"etc, also have innovation and development. Yang Shen put forward "Yin-yang and the Five Elements" and "one element gas" mutually in inheritting the foundation of "Five Elements" for use of science technique of the plant physiology thought, Zhang Lv-xiang and Bao Shi-chen inherited the foundation of traditional "the agriculture thoughts originally", initiated the thought of " of rich farmland, but "farmers Health governance", "ins and outs all rich, people are wealthy foundations", promote the development of forestry science.Pure behind expect, along with western businessmen and missionaries continuously coming, the western nation opened an exhibition to our plants resources extensively, publishing a series on China's forestry science and technology monographs and articles. Meanwhile, China also started the Western forestry science and technology research. edited and published a number of forestry science and technology books, pushing the technical development of our forestry science.Pass the technique research of forestry science toward the Qing Dynasty, we draw the following conclusions: 1 .The experiment type is creative, resolving the important key problem in the forestry construction;2. The system is creative, helping realize environment and conditional formation;3 .Adjust structure, strengthen foundation theories with high and new technique research;4.Enhance a development and expand, accelerate science and technology result conversion;5.Turn reform deeply, strengthen forestry research organization vitality.