Study On Biological Characteristic, Exploitation And Utilization Of Tricholoma Matsutake Population In Changbai Mountain

New production area of T. matsutake in Qingbei of Jiaohe, Songjiang towns and forestry centre of Haiqing around Songhua Lake, and in Liaoning Fengcheng was found through investigating the distribution and entironment of Tricholoma matsutake in Changbai mountain. The result of investigation, classification and recordation indicted existence of Tricholoma bakamatsutake in Changbai mountain which was a allied species of T. Matsutake was approved, and its main growth area was found in Shimen, Liangbing and Fuxing of Antu county, also in Longjing, Shanhe and Zhixin, moreover, the growth of Tricholoma bakamatsutake was earlier ten days than T. Matsutake.The study of tissue isolation in T. Matsutake was carried out, the result showed that the lamella was optimal for tissue isolation, and 100% of survival rate was observed. Furthermore the medium of hawthorn-extracting of bran combined original mycelium of jew's ear was considered to be a optimum culture medium. For T. bakamatsutake, lamella was optimal isolation part also, and the survival rate achieved 50% while other parts were 10-50% only. The medium of Chinese goosebeery-extracting of bran combined original mycelium of jew's ear was suitable for growth of mycelium in T. Matsutake of Changbai mountain and Kunming, but for T. bakamatsutake of Changbai Mountain, the medium of Chinese goosebeery-extracting of bran combined original mycelium of jew's ear, Hawthorn-extracting of bran combined original mycelium of jew's ear, and pineapple-extracting of bran combined original mycelium of jew's ear was favorable.In this study, anatomical characteristic of fruitbodie in T. Matsutake species of Changbai mountain was observed, mycelium of lamellae trama in T. Matsutake was arranged on both sides, and T. bakamatsutake's belonged to the near regular or regular shape. In addition, there was no significant difference in microstructure among T. Matsutake from different geographical origin, they were composed by filiform hapha with septum, and had not combination of lock shape.The nutrient component of fruitbodies in T. Matsutake and T. bakamatsutake was determined, the result showed that there was not obvious difference in nutrient component between T. Matsutake and T. bakamatsutake, except crude protein content of T. bakamatsutake was higher than T. Matsutake. Both of T. Matsutake and T. bakamatsutake had the essential contents of mineral elements such as K, Ca, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. For T. bakamatsutake, it had higher contents of mineral elements than T. Matsutakee except Fe. Moreover there was no distinct difference in vitamine B₁ and vitamine B₂ between T. Matsutake and T. bakamatsutak. The RAPD analyse was performed to fruitbodies and isolated substance, the result found the isolated substance was not true fruitdodies cultures of mycelium except the mycelium which grew slowly, and large difference in microstructure character was also observed among those isolated substances. The RAPD marker (primer OPAl6 and OPA20) and SCAR marker from OPA20 primer by cloning, sequencing and designing primer were established, this method could identify T. Matsutake exactly and quickly. Therefore, there was important meaning for enhancing quality and price T. Matsutake.In order to discuss the relative relationship among populations of T. Matsutake grown in Changbai mountain, Yunnan and Japan, the method of RAPD analyse were carried out. The results showed that there was higher comparability among experimental materials of T. Matsutake, they were considered different populations in the same species.