Studies On The Resources And Germ Evaluation About 9 Resources Of Dioscorea In Hunan Province

Diosgenin is the head choice of the raw materials to synthesizehormone medicines. Not only can supplying Diosgenin produce morethan 200medicines such as adrenaline,sex hormone, but also it can beused for curing tumour and cardio-vascular disease. The demand exceedssupply. The plentiful resources of Dioscorea have a very important statusin Asia. Currently, in China,Diosgenin has been mainly extracted fromwild Dunyeshuyu to supply medicine industry. Due to excessive using fora long time, Dunyeshuyu's natural resources has descreased day by day.Now, it tends to be exhausted and has no longer satisfied the productiverequirements. The raw medicine materials available for diosgenin comefrom cultivation gradually. But because of the germplasm and cultivatemeasures,content of diosgenin is less than 1% generally and it is difficultto meet the industial demand. Since then, high diosgenin contentgermplasm is purely sieved in cultivate select. With neglecting thehereditary stability of content of diosgenin, that caused deteriorationcontinuously and decreasing content, it became a bottleneck for wholeproduce. For this reason,selecting new cultivar both of high content andhigh production has strategic significance for our country's diosgeninproduce.This item colligates the principles of the Chinese medicine resources,identificology of Chinese herbal medicine and subject of crop hereditary breeding, to study resources, and evaluate the germplasm and quality ofDioscorea in Hunan province. It tries to set up a system of qualityevalution, to provide some checking targets at select quickly duringbreeding program, as well as to choose some good characters inbreeding. Thus,local medicinal resources of diosgenin can be exploitedreasonably;furthermore,it will have guiding effect for improving qualityactually.From all-around aspects of Dioscorea's resources in Hunan province,the author expounded and proved the history, original place, cultivating,function of Dioscorea detailedly; it studied dynamic law of effectiveconstituents accumulation and got some initial findings of relationshipbetween following factors and content of diosgenin: growth pattern, therate of increase in underground part's weight, the ratio of the weight ofoverground to its underground; it studied the methods of extractingdiosgenin by ultrasonic, analied content of moist and ash, and discussedthe relationship between above factors and content of diosgenin;compared nervation characters, morphology of underground, anatomyand histochemistry of 9 Yams in Hunan province.The results were reported as follows:1.《Shen Nong's herbal classics》, written in Han Dynasty, is the earliestbencao work which recorded various Yams for curing illness;health careand food value. In the 1st century, it was popular to cultivate Yams fromsouth to north, most Bixie grew in the south area of Yangzi river. Theeffect recorded in《Shen Nong's herbal classics》is consistent with the modern studies. That overground parts use as medicine recorded by《Picture and Verification to Origin Plant》and some native documents,itisn't identical with modem habit,so further study is needed.2. During the same year: contents of diosgenin rised obviously at theinitial florescence, and accumulating was fastest at the growth period ofunderground pare. When it was in the wilt, the rate of increase in contentsof diosoenin became lower. The more growth years, the more content ofdiosgenin. But After growing 3 years, content increased less. So it wassuitable to collect medicinal parts underground in the 3st year's wilt.3. The growth period of Huangdu is the longest, so that high-yieldproperty is provided with the highest rate of increase in weight ofunderground. The ratio of the weight of overground to its underground ofChaihuangjiang is the least, it shows best ability of accumulatingsubstances in underground parts. And certain forward relationship hasbeen existed between the ratio and content of diosgenin.4. The method of extracting diosgenin by ultrasonic is effective, thefollowing separation is good.5. In medicinal part, moist content should be under 11%. It should be aselect standard for culturing new sepecies and purchasing crudemedicinal material. The ash content should be under 5.2%, but also it hascertain forward relationship with content of diosgenin. It may be relate tothe number of mucus cells and the accumulation of hypo-metabolizeproducts.6. According to the different nervation character, Dioscorea in Hunan province could be divided into two types.7. The results of morphology show that: sepecies with high ash contenthave roughness texture, tenacity and fiber character at transverse section.8. The results of anatomy show that:(1) The incrassative primary meristem of Ribenshuyu's section caused totuber increasing quickly, it is a genic basis for high yield with higher rateof increase in weight of underground.(2) The top of rizhomes have better bourgeoning ability, so it should bethe main part to bourgeon.9. The results of histochemistry show that:(1) Either rizhomes or tubers, the synthesis and stock parts included v.b.and ground tissues around them.(2) Red liquids of diosconin in two year's rizhome obviously augmented,compared with those in one year's rizhome, the diameterincreasedfrom 36um to 61um;furthmore, the number increased also,and deep colors were observed.