Study On The Secession Pattern Of Oasis Farming System And The Sustainable Development Strategy Of Cotton Production In Xinjiang

The key way of both resolving the problems of countryside,farmers and agriculture,and completely establishing the well-off society is to develop the rural economy and to increase farmers' income.The current agriculture and rural economy in Xinjiang province has entered a new developing stage,China's entry into WTO and the implementation of west development strategy accelerated the agricultural marketization and internationalization process,which brought favorable development chances,and at the same time also brought more sever challenges and impacts to agricultural and rural economy for Xinjiang.The thesis adopted the research methods of mathematical analysis and economic analysis combining with field survey.In this paper,the secession process from 1949 to 2006 and impetus factors of oasis farming system were analyzed;the restrictive factors and key technologies related to the sustainable development of cotton production were studied;and the future development strategy of fanning system for each farming zone in Xinjiang were discussed;which provide an important theory basis for establishing the reasonable farming system in oasis agricultural zone in Xinjiang.The results of systematic analysis showed as follow:from the year of 1949 to today,the gross value of agricultural production was increased rapidly,the developing trend of agricultural production structure was undergoing a transformation from a decrease of crop-culture output value to proportion to a increase of animal husbandry and forestry output value,but the agricultural production structure dominated by crop-culture wasn't still fundamentally changed,tripartite cropping system with cereal, economic crops and feed in a equal status hasn't being established.In terms of the planting area of each crop,cotton and wheat was in the dominant status,maize in the second class,vegetable,sugar beet,oil crops and melon in the third class with planting area increasing.The total grain yield of Xinjiang has ed four development stages which were slow increasing period,wavering stage,linear increasing stage and fluctuant increasing stage,to the year of 1983 in Xinjiang,the grain yield had exceeded its demand quantity and didn't input grain from other province,from 1987, the grain per capita in Xinjiang had been kept beyond 400kg each person,that was higher than the national average level.The cotton production of Xinjiang passed three development stages which were recovery stage,wavering stage,linear increasing stage.At present,Xinjiang had become the largest commodity cotton base,the cotton yield per unit area,the total yield and planting area all ranked number one in the country.The multiple cropping indexes in Xinjiang was continuously increased from 103.6%in 1949 to 113.41%in 2006,and planting model has a diversification trend. The fertilizer-applying system in Xinjiang also had a great improvement from depending on land fallowing or applyed manure in 1960s,forage and crop rotation in 1970s in 20th to mainly applying chemieai fertilizer.The results of studying on the impelling factor of farming system secession indicated that the policy factor was the indirect impetus,because every policy reform activity could impact farmers' behavior,then affected the crop-culture structure adjustment so as to promote farming system innovation for adaptation.Both of sci-technology progress and agricultural material input increase were the primary impetus for increase of crop yield,and which provided the important precondition to further adjust agricultural structure and improve farming system.Under the market economy background,the price and comparative advantage of agricultural products impacted crop-planting scale directly and affected the agricultural production structure and then resulted in innovation on the secession of farming system.The study revealed the changing trend of soil nutrient and microorganism in continuous cropping cotton field,as the continuous cropping years increasing,the available potassium content in soil decrease;with the residual plastic-film increased, microorganism quantity declined,and soil microflora changed from the fertile bacterium-type soil to the un-fertile epiphyte-type soil,which did not.benefit for crops to absorb nutrients from the soil.The results of systematic analysis pointed out the direction and goal of the oasis fanning system innovation in Xinjiang.First,on the preconditions of ensuring food safety,the animal husbandry development should be sped upand the output value ratio of animal husbandry should be increased;The agricultural production structure dominated by crop-culture should be changed.Second,the adjustment direction of crop-culture structure should be realized the transformation from binary,structure dominated by both grain crops and cotton into multiple structure in which cereal, economic crops and feed crop were coordinately development,and feed crop should be relatively independent production industry to ensure feed demand for animal husbandry.Third,the adjustment direction of animal husbandry should adhere to the policies:â‘ to keep the grassland animal husbandry,animal husbandry in the farming area and animal husbandry of suburban areas in the equal developing status; â‘¡to energetically develop the animal products processing industry;andâ‘¢to realize animal husbandry in Xinjiang as a new key wayfor increasing farmers' income.