Forest Landscape Pattern And Ecological Planning In Changbai Mountain Area

The natural forest was studied in this paper in Baihe Forestry Bureau in Changbai district,Based on Landsat TM image in 2000,forest distribution map and forest resource secondary surveying of 1987 and 2000,topographic map,land use map,survey data and others,with the support of Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS),the space structure constitute of forest in this region was studied and land use and landscape space structure were classified and evaluated.The theory and method of landscape ecology were used in this paper.The landscape pattern and dynamic processes were completely analysed in serial time and spatial space.The landscape ecology construction,landscape present situation,dynamic processes were studied in detail.Combined with the Digital Terrain Model (DEM),reckon among different landform affected landscape pattern.Post construction change for change landscape pattern.Based on the change of land use and dynamic simulation to forecast landscape structure,to make landscape ecology plan.During the processing,following results and evolvement were gained in this paper.1.The forest landscape classification and space pattern was studied in this pater,based on the landscape ecological planning,Landscape ecology study area is divided into 10 kinds of second types landscape elements o the natural landascape kept good state and forest landscape was classified,forest landscape was the advanced landscape.The total area and patch nubmer of forest increased greatly,which shown that landscape fragmentation changed greatly.The heterogeneity and the number of patch were increased for the result of forest management and artifical forest.Broad-leaf forest and Larch belonged to the thired landscape pattern,the area was 76097.38 hm~2 and 44596.34hm~2,the percentage of total area and patch number were 67.7%and 66%of all the forest types.The Broad-leavedforest and Larch were main types of this region.2.Accroding to the landscape pattern index calculation,the data of 1987 and 2000 was compared.The pattern and structure of differen landscape element were analysed in serial time,the chang trend of differen landscape pattern was analysed.the area and patch number of Korean-pinus,sylvestris,picea-stinky pine,larch,mixed forest,betula forest and other type increased,the area and patch number of coniferous forest,oak trees,broad-leaved forest and others type decreased.The patch density increased except poplar and fraxinus mandshurica. The fractal index of Korean-pinus,mixed forest,broad-leaved forest,betula forest and poplar decreased greatly,on the other hand,the fractal index of fraxinus mandshurica and sylvestris increased.The patch shape index changes were difference,which embodied the 13 years of space Stand types of structural changes in the general trend.3.With the support of ArcGIS,the elevation slice level was deal with,the slope was extracted from the DEM,the distribution area of landscape type was calculated in different slope,which could draw the relationshipe between the forest landscape pattern and slope,the area proportion of flat and gentle slope was larger.The results shown that:landscape distribution had certain correlation with elevation,aspect and slope,the half distribution of non- forest land,spruce-stinky pine,larch,white birch,broad-leaved forest and others forest land was 0-5°range of slope,the region was suitable for forest product and mankind activity,the landscape types of this region was rich,the distribution of less slope and steep slope decreased,the change of mixed forest was geat,which distributed the flat region,the difference of differen type distribution wasn't obvious.It seemed that terrain had a certain influence on macro-distribution of landscape pattern.4.According to the extraction of DEM,the relationship of forest landscape pattern and aspect was drawn.the area distribution of broad-leaved forest was more in all directions,the distribution of betula forest,mixed forest and coniferous focused on the half-shaddy and shaddy slope,the distribution of semi-sunny and sunny slope was less,the distribution of korean-sylvestris forest,larch,coniferous forest and other types was same and less,the distribution of mixed forest focused on other aspect,the quantity was less.The distribution of oak trees changed gradually in five aspects from flat land to sunny slope,the quantity in semi-shaddy and shaddy slope was much more than flat land,semi-suuny and sunny slope,the quantity in flat land,semi-suuny and sunny slope was substantially same,the distribution of broad-leaved was less,the distribution of fraxinus mandshurica was most on shaddy slope,least on flat slope.The quantity was substantially same in other directions,the distribution of betula was much on half-shaddy and shaddy slope,the quantisy of betula was substantially same on flat slope and semi-sunny slope,least on sunny slope.5.Different types of landscape at the same elevation with the different landscape patterens,the landscape types changes shown obvious vertical differences with the elevation increasing,at each elevation slice,the largest area of the trees forest kins were:betula-mixed forest-fraxinus mandshurica(Ⅰ)betula-broad-leaved forest-poplar-spruce-stinky pine(Ⅱ),mixed forst-poplar-spruce-stinky pine(Ⅲ),mixed forest-spruce-smell pine-poplar(Ⅳ)(1987);broad-leaved forest-larch-betula(Ⅰ),broad-leaved forest-mixed forest-larch(Ⅱ)larch-mixed forest-broad -leaved forest(Ⅲ),larch-betula(Ⅳ)(2000).6.Forest landscape dynamic simulation.The Markov model was used to study forest landscape dyanmic of Baihe forest farm.The transfomation model was establised by using the caculatation of different periods of forest landscape transformation probability,with the simulation of different time space,the landscape pattern simutation map of 2013 was obtained,which could provide the basis of landscape plannying for this study area.7.The forest landscape plannyingstudy.Based on the foreset landscape classification and landscape spatial pattern analysis,according to the landscape present and the objects of forest landscape planning,the theory of landscape planning and the methods of different scale landscape planning were provided to plan this area by using the basic thorey of landscape ecology,the construction methods of matrix and gallery from other landscape elements were provided.