| Nowadays, our survival and development have been threatened seriously by the global and territorial ecological environment crisis, such as ecosystem productivity decrease, biodiversity loss, frequent flood and drought disasters, atmospheric and water pollution etc. The ecological protective forest (EPF) plays more and more important role in promoting the regional economic development and maintaining its eco-safety in lowland of the Yellow River. However, for a long time, People only care about the value of tangible products from ecological protective forest, while ignore that of intangible products, such as water and soil conservation, cycle of nutrients etc. Therefore, there are great significances to study the structure and function for the forests in the lowland of the Yellow River. In this paper, the typical plantations in Changqing district, Jinan City, were selected. A measurement and assessment index system was set up by using the method of expert consults, and the method of space substituting time and simulation combined with location survey, were used to measure and evaluate the ecosystem services, including water and soil conservation, CO2 fixation and O2 release, purifying environment and so on. The researches can provide with guidance for the sustainable management of ecological protective forests. The main conclusions show in the following:⑴Measurement and assessment index system for the EPF in lowland of the Yellow riverBased on the connotation of the forest ecosystem services, combined with the characteristics of EPF, a measurement and assessment index system was put forward, which includes 3 first class indexes,10 second class indexes and 21 third class indexes.⑵Microclimate regulation of EPFFor same species and density, the ability of wind-resistance of EPF increases as wind speed increasing, while falling with forest age growing. The maximum wind-resistance effect was more than 60% in the area less than 8 m/s. Wind-resistance ability had no significant differences among poplar varieties. There is positive correlation between wind-resistance ability and wind speed, and the best simulation model is Expotential Association.The effects of temperature-adjusting and humidity-enhancing increases with age growingt after EPF established. The average range of temperature-regulating is 0.1℃in 2-year-old foest while that is 2.03℃in 10-year-old forest. The temperature-adjusting value of the forest ranges from 2-year-old to 10-year-old, and its value is 1512, 6312, 12768, 16848, 21072, 26328, 29328, 30096 and 30528 CNY·h-1·hm-2 respectively, and the relation between electricity-consumption and age, together with temperature-adjusting value and forest age was best described by the Logistic model.The net humidity increase is from 2% in the 2-year-old forest to 3.35% in the 10-year-old.The humidity-adjusting value ranged from 2-year-old to 10-year-old is 78.34, 88.13, 99.1, 109.67, 116.72, 119.49, 127.65 and 131.21 CNY·h-1·hm-2 respectively, and the relationship between electricity-consumption and humidity-increasing value is best described by Expotential Association. The total value of temperature-adjusting and humidity-adjusting of EPF in lowland of the Yellow River were 1590.34,6400.13,12867.1,16957.67,21188.72,26447.46,29455.69,30225.65 and 30659.21CNY·a-1·hm-2, respectively.⑶Biodiversity in lowland of the Yellow riverThe biodiversity is significantly affected after the forest cultivated. The diversity is low in which the plants were mainly composed by herb species, and the diversity indexes increases as the forest density decreasing. The biodiversities of poplar Zhonglin 46 plantations are higher than that of others.There are 8 kinds of grasshopper and the dominant species are Atractomorpha sinensis, A. lata, and Tetrix japonica. The widespread species, Oriental species and Palaerctic species occupy 62.5%, 12.5% and 25% respeetively. The density of grasshoppers was below the safe level and the grasshopper-controlling value is 116.3 CNY·a-1·ha-2 compared with the artifical control.The pie magpie nests increase as the forest age growing, it's 0.08 nest/ha2 in the 4-year-old forest and 1.66 nest/ha2 in the 9-year-old forest. The pest-controlling value of magpies was respectively 16, 46, 110, 148, 222 and 332 CNY·a-1·ha-2 in the forest ranging form 4-year-old to 9-year-old.⑷Water conservation services in lowland of the Yellow riverThe soil particle proportion and water conservation ability are improved by the EPF. For the same variety, the water conservation value decreases with density decline, which ranged from 13164.6 CNY·a-1·ha-2 to 9910.0 CNY·a-1·ha-2. For different varieties of the same density, that of Zhonglin 46 was the maximum, and the average annual saturating water storage of I107, L35 and Zhonghe 1 and Zhonglin 46 were respectively 1907.9, 1863.9, 1870.0 and 2128.9 t/hm2,and the average annual water-storing value was 10901.4, 10650.3. 10685.3 and 12164.6 CNY·a-1·ha-2 respectively.⑸Soil conservation in lowland of the Yellow riverThe soil is effectively conserved by the EPF. The value of reducing abandoned-land is 1.31 CNY·a-1·ha-2, the value of soil fertility is 319.8 CNY·a-1·ha-2 , and the value of reducing sediment-accumulation is 10.97 CNY·a-1·ha-2. The value of organic matter increasing was respectively 335.44,1492.12,1893.20,4423.25,11321.42,13248.42,18287.7 and 32542.05 CNY·ha-2·a-1 ranging from 2-year-old to 9-year-old and the total values of soil conservation are 667.52,1824.20,2225.28,4755.33,11653.50,13580.50,18619.87 and 32874.13 CNY·ha-2·a-1.⑹Environment purification in lowland of the Yellow riverThe value of water purification is 6775.28 CNY ha-2a-1, CO2 fixation and O2 release value is between 11146.9～19684.91CNY ha-2a-1 for 9a or10a. Dust control value was 1718.7 CNY·ha-2·a-1.⑺The measurement and evaluation of direct products of EPFThe growth curve of the poplar individual all showed as S type, and there is negtive relationship between the volume and the density. The polynomial model is the best to simulate the tree height and diameter equation, while logistic model is best for the single wood volume and stand volume. The coefficient of each model is more than 0.99.In the first 3a, only 1a intercrop is available for the stand density more than 625individual/ha2, which can get net income of 6599.25～10420.37CNY/ha2, low density stand can prolonged intercropping stage 1～2a properly.The total value of timber and remainder in 8a is 3m×3m>3m×5m>4m×6m>4m×4m>3m×8m.I107, and Zhonglin 46 are the most popular among poplar varieties. From 2a to 10a, the acumulative values of 3m×3m, 3m×4m, 3m×5m, 4m×6m of Zhonglin46 are166.2, 107.4, 103.1, 120.0thousand CNY/ha2, that of 3m×8m of Zhonglin46, L35, I107 and Honghe 1 are 101.2, 93.4, 114.8 and 99.3 thousand CNY/ha2. The largest annual income is 6～9a, therefore the utilization is usually in age 7～9a in practice. ⑻Total value of ecosystem servicesThe EPF has brought about tremendous economic benefit for us, wich is mainly from stand volume, forest byproduct. At the same time, it can also provides water and soil conservation, gas regulation, environment purification, climate regulation etc. the value ratio of direct value per unit area to that of indirect value are ranging from 1.74 to 9.28.
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