Study On Quality Characteristic And Main Affecting Factors In Dali Flue-cured Tobacco

Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture is one of the main producing area for high quality tobacco in China, flue-cured tobacco in Dali is representative for fen-flavor flue-cured tobacco and is used as highly main material in formula of several famous cigarette brands in China. The quality of Dali flue-cured tobacco is quite different among areas according to the use by tobacco factories. So it is necessary to clarify the law of spatial distribution of tobacco quality and influencing factors for layout of tobacco in Dali Characteristic and spatial distribution of quality of Dali flue-cured tobacco, gene type, soil type, altitude, and meteorological influencing quality of flue-cured tobacco and were studied. The main results are as follows:1 Characteristic and Spatial Distribution of Quality of Dali Flue-cured TobaccoIndexs of physical properties, appearance quality, main chemical components, usability of physical properties and appearance quality, coordination of main chemical components, sensory quality, and compositive quality of Dali flue-cured tobacco showed obvious spatial heterogeneity and spatial trend effect.With the usability of physical properties to evaluate quality of Dali flue-cured tobacco, B2F, C3F and X2F grades ranged from general usability to highest usability. In most of Dali tobacco growing zone, B2F, C3F, and X2F grades belonged to range from higher usability to highest usability. With usability of appearance quality to evaluate quality of Dali flue-cured tobacco, B2F grade ranged from supplementary material to highly main material, flue-cured tobacco in most of the Dali tobacco growing zone belonged to main material. C3F grade ranged from supplementary material to highly main material, flue-cured tobacco in most of the Dali tobacco growing zone belonged to main material. X2F grade ranged from filling material to main material, flue-cured tobacco in most of the Dali tobacco growing zone belongs to supplementary material. With coordination of main chemical components to evaluate quality of Dali flue-cured tobacco, B2F grade ranged from lack coordination to most coordination, flue-cured tobacco in most of the Dali tobacco growing zone belonged to more coordination. C3F grade ranged from lack coordination to most coordination, flue-cured tobacco in most of the Dali tobacco growing zone ranged from coordination to most coordination. X2F grade ranged from lack coordination to most coordination, flue-cured tobacco in half of Dali tobacco growing zone belongs to more coordination. With sensory quality to evaluate quality of Dali flue-cured tobacco, B2F grade ranged from general usability to highest usability, flue-cured tobacco in most of the Dali tobacco growing zone belonged to higher usability. C3F grade ranged from general usability to highest usability, flue-cured tobacco in most of the Dali tobacco growing zone belonged to high usability. X2F grade ranged from general usability to highest usability, flue-cured tobacco in most of the Dali tobacco growing zone belonged to higher usability. Compositive quality of B2F, C3F and X2F of Dali flue-cured tobacco were from normal to highest, in most of Dali tobacco growing zone, usability of compositive quality of B2F and X2F were higher, and in large of the Dali tobacco growing zone, compositive quality of C3F were high.2 Effect of Gene on Quality of Flue-cured TobaccoGene type had significant impact on the tobacco quality indexes of leaf length, leaf width, opening blade, leaf weight, leaf thickness, leaf weight per area, balanced water percent, leaf structure, body, oil, chroma, starch, nicotine, protein, potassium, chlorine, ratio of reduced sugar and nicotine, ratio of total nitrogen and nicotine, ratio of potassium and chlorine, coordination of main chemical components, oleic acid, total multiple organic acid, oxalic acid, malicacid, smoke mellow index, total polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, chlorophyll, carotenoids, siebel alkane compounds, Mellard chemicals, plastid pigments degradationtotal, and neutral aroma(P<0.05), and had no significant impact on other tobacco quality indexes. Quality type of four Varieties with the names of Yun85, Yun87, K326, and Hongda could be separated into three quality types, the first type was Yun85and Yun87, the second type was K326, the last type was Hongda.3 Effect of Soil Type on Quality of Flue-cured TobaccoSoil type had significant impact on the tobacco quality indexes of leaf weight, leaf thickness, leaf weight per area, balanced water percent, body, oil, starch, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, chlorine, ratio of reduced sugar and nicotine, higher fatty acid, multiple organic acid, chlorophyll, carotenoids, total neutral aroma (P<0.05), and had no significant impact on other tobacco quality indexes. Quality type of flue-cured tobacco grew in four soil types with the names of yellow soil, red soil, purple soil, and paddy soil could be separated into two quality types, the first quality type were flue-cured tobacco grew in yellow soil, red soil, and purple soil, the second quality type was flue-cured tobacco grew in paddy soil.4 Effect of Altitude on Chemical Components of Flue-cured TobaccoCorrelation between altitude and total sugar, reduced sugar, starch, chlorine, ratio of reduced sugar and nicotine, total polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, total carotenoids,β-carotene, lutein, higher fatty acids, multiple organic acids, neutral fragrance materials of flue-cured tobacco showed downwards opening parabolas. Correlation between altitude and total nitrogen, nicotine, protein of flue-cured tobacco showed upwards opening parabolas. Correlation between altitude and potassium, ratio of total nitrogen and nicotine, ratio of potassium and chlorine showed straight line with upwards tendency. There was no apparent correlation between altitude and rutin. Altitude of 2000 meters was critical altitude for the point of change of velocity between glucose metabolism and nitrogen metabolism. Altitude with the range from 2000 meters to 2100 meters was the optimal range of altitude for accumulation of aroma materials of flue-cured tobacco.5 Effect of Temperature on Chemical Components of Flue-cured TobaccoCorrelation between temperature and total sugar, reduced sugar, starch, chlorine, total polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, higher fatty acids, multiple organic acids, neutral fragrance materials of flue-cured tobacco showed downwards opening parabolas. Correlation between temperature and total nitrogen, nicotine, protein of flue-cured tobacco, potassium of flue-cured tobacco showed upwards opening parabolas. Correlation between temperature and total carotenoids showed straight line with downwards tendency. There was no apparent correlation between temperature and rutin. Temperature with the range from 19℃to 20℃was the range of critical temperature for the point of change of velocity between glucose metabolism and nitrogen metabolism. Temperature of 20℃was the optimal point for accumulation of aroma materials of flue-cured tobacco.6 Effect of Rainfall on Chemical Components of Flue-cured TobaccoCorrelation between rainfall and total sugar, reduced sugar, starch, potassium, chlorine, carotenoids, higher fatty acids, multiple organic acids, neutral fragrance materials of flue-cured tobacco showed downwards opening parabolas. Correlation between rainfall and total nitrogen, and nicotine, and protein showed upwards opening parabolas. Correlation between rainfall and total polyphenols, chlorogenic acid showed straight line with downwards tendency. There was no apparent correlation between rainfall and rutin.7 Effect of Sunshine Hours on Chemical Components of Flue-cured TobaccoCorrelation between sunshine hours and total sugar, reduced sugar, starch, potassium showed straight lines with downwards tendency. Correlation between sunshine hours and total nitrogen, nicotine, chlorine showed straight lines with upwards tendency. Correlation between sunshine hours and total polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, carotenoids,β-carotene, higher fatty acids, multiple organic acids, neutral fragrance materials of flue-cured tobacco showed downwards opening parabolas. There was no apparent correlation between sunshine hours and rutin. Sunshine hours of 750 was the optimal point for accumulation of aroma materials of flue-cured tobacco.8 Weight Coefficient of Influencing Factors of Quality of Flue-cured TobaccoThe weight coefficient of gene typle, soil typle and meteorological factors influencing quality of flue-cured tobacco were 3.66%,18.20% and 48.14%.