| Comprehensive exploitation and utilization of plant resources refer to the full use of underground and aboveground plant parts to prevent unnecessary waste, or the multidimensional and multilevel exploitation of the homogeneous plant resources. Containing multi-pharmacological activitities, Panax notoginseng is widely attached importance to and exploited. However, the exploitation and processing of PN are focused on its roots and rootstock and its stalks and leaves are often discarded as waste. The utilization ratio each year is less than 5% of its production. Therefore, the research and utilization of the stalks and leaves of PN are the requirements adapting to the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of natural resources and to the development of the society. Extracting pharmacological active substance through the "green and environment-productive" method of biotransformation, which is beneficial to human health and helpful to prevent malignant diseases, possesses significant environmental, medical and economic values.Totally 127 kinds of strain are separated from 5 samples in Ginseng planting base, and the strain with the strongest transforming activity is F. sacchari. It is found in the study that the optimal culture conditions for F. sacchari is defined as:primary pH value of medium 5-6, volume 20 mL/100 mL, at 30℃, for 36-48 hours in 160 rpm shaking bed. The transforming products of F. sacchari for the leaf saponin of PN are highly active products. Separating the transformed products by means of HPLC and TLC and analyzing them through physical and chemical constant as well as spectrum data, it can be found that Compound-Mx(C-Mx), Ginsenoside-Mc(G-Mc) and Compound-K(C-K) exist. The results of optimizing the single condition test and orthogonal experiment lead to the conclusion:the best condition for the output of the three products is pH value of medium 5.5, substrate addition 45 mg, transforming for 6 days at 30℃. And these three take over 80% of the overall products, in which the content of G-Mc increases 80 times as much as its original content contained in the stalks and leaves of PN while the content of C-K increases 215 times. But C-Mx is an unnatural product and it does not exist in every part of Panax, ginseng and PN. The three transformed products which is proved through the mono-saponin experiment are transformed from Rbs, Rc and Rb1. The transforming pathways are Rb3→Gy-Ⅸ→C-Mx; Rc→Fe→G-Mc; And the production of C-K comprises two parts, in which the major path is Rb1→Rd→F2→C-K while the minor part is transformed from G-Mc.Proved in the anti-tumor experiment taken on tumor-bearing mice, anti-tumor activity of the main elements transformed by one step from stalks and leaves of PN increases 2.3 times, reaching 75.7%. And the effect is significantly better than that of paclitaxel (55.3%) and ginsenoside Rg3 (58.5%) used in clinic. The total product of transformation provides emphatic evidences for developing into a crude drug of new anti-tumor treatment.Comparing the micro transformation technology of F. sacchari adopted in this research with conventional hydrolysis of acid, alkaline and enzyme, the former possesses many advantages:mild condition, simple techniques, no drainage of the three-waste and economy of resources. Compared with the transformation of enzyme, the output of C-K is 2.3 times as many as enzyme preparationsβ-glucanasei and 3 times as many as Cellulase while its cost of transformation is less than 1/100. Thus, adopting this method to utilize castoff of stalks and leaves of PN comprehensively will lead to a wide and applied future.
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