| In order to speed up the pace of orchid breeding and to improve the high-quality orchids, the morphology and chlorophyll contents of Cymbidium kanran resources in Subgen Jensoa were compared and analysis, the molecular taxonomy and relative relationships research of Cymbidium kanran resources in Subgen Jensoa were studies by RAPD, ERPAD, PCR-RFLP, ISSR and SRAP molecular markers.The study results were as the followings:1. The venational morphology characters of 21 orchid's varieties were be observed and analyzed, which revealed that different first and secondary vein have different leaf venation characterization except parallel venation, and which could be provided the morphological evidence for their boundaries and relationships between species.2. The chlorophyll contents of Twenty-one cultivars from Cymbidium species were measured and compared with chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 and conventional methods. The results showed that the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and SPAD value of most Cymbidium cultivars were different among inter-or intra-species. The correlative of segment cultivars between the chlorophyll content and SPAD value were obvious, which were proved that the chlorophyll content could be menstruated by SPAD value. Cluster analysis showed that all these Cymbidium species could be divided into 4 groups.3. Fifty-four Cymbidium kanran cultivars were examined and analyzed by using the successive screening of 3'-end extended random primer amplified polymorphic DNA (ERPAD) markers to determine their molecular diversity and relationships. The results showed that 2959 bands including 2527 polymorphic bands (85.40%)were obtained by extended random primers,. ACTGAACGCCCG+ACTGAACGCCGG and ACTGAACGCCC+ACTGAACGCC were devel-oped from the original ACTGAACGC RAPD primer, which produced the same locus (2.5-kb), and the products of extended two basicity marker were more stable and specific than the original RAPD marker and were approach the SCAR marker. Unweighted pair-group mean analysis (UPGMA) grouped them into two clusters based upon geographical traits.4. The Mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA genome of fifty-four Cymbidium kanran cultivars were examined and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers. The results showed that genetic differences were revealed in 4 of 6 primer sets (66.67%) and 19 of 72 primer-enzyme combinations (26.38%),116 polymorph--ic bands were detected in chloroplast (cp) DNA PCR-RFLP analyses, genetic differences were revealed in 2 of 6 primer sets (25%) and 55 polymorphic bands (53.49%) were detected with one restriction primer-enzyme combinations in mitochondrion (mt) DNA PCR-RFLP analyses. Unweighted pair-group mean analysis (UPGMA) grouped them into four clusters based upon geographical traits.5. Fifty-four Cymbidium kanran cultivars were examined and analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The result showed that 893 bands including 224 polymorphic bands (24.72%) were obtained, which were proved the average number of approximately3.22 DNA bands including 2.73 polymorphic DNA bands and the amplified bands from 2 to 6, all amplified bands located from 200bp to 2000bp. Unweighted pair-group mean analysis (UPGMA) grouped them into six clusters based upon geographical traits.6. Fifty-four Cymbidium kanran cultivars were examined and analyzed by the sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker. A total of 586 DNA bands were amplified by 11 selective primers,504 of which (86.01%) were polymorphic. The average number of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each prime was 46. Cluster analysis revealed that the cymbidium could be divided into two cluster (Chinese orchid and Japanese orchid) based on geographic and ecological traits.In a word, Cymbidium cultivars were examined and analyzed using morphological markers, physiological markers and molecular markers, which could provide scientific basis for future study and utilization of Cymbidium.
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