| Objective Vital phenomena are a process that a signal is transmitted and regulated by cells of the body from the extracellular into the intracellular where special effects emerge. Study of vital phenomena staxts from signal transduction and regulation Signal transduction compnses three parts: exlracellulaxiy, m cytoplasm and mtranucleaiiy. Hcrmone , n nutransmitt cell factors, growth factor from the extraceliular are called the first messenger cAMP, cGMP, W3,DAG,Ca in cytoplasm are called the second messengers. The first messengers produce the second messengers by combining with their peauliar receptors to stimulate the effective enzyme or ion channel. The second messengers engender the third messengers in the intranuclear by influencing nucleaiprotein to regulate transcription of gene. Serine(Ser) or thrcomne(Thr) are substrate protein of protein kinase and protein phosphatase which are regulated by the second messengers. A senes of physiological and biochemical reactions in cell result from changes in conformation and function of the protein kinase or protein phospbatase due to phosphorylation or dephosphoiylation of their residue. Phosphoiylation of protein is not only a common passageway but also a bob for action of the messengers. Most of the first messenger affects functions of cell by increasing the level of the second messeng intraceliularly to activate protein kinase and change substrate phosphoiylation Signal transduction can response to stimulation from sumxmdings, regulate gene e q ression and physiological reaction Normal metabolism, proliferation, growth, differentiation, senescence and death of cell depend on signal transduction Abnormality in any link of signal transduction will result in diseases. 1CM holds that the Five-Zang viscera are the center of the whole body, which plays an enormous role in the vital activities of the body. it is closely related to many basic responses in life science. The spleen is in charge of transportation and transformation, and plays a vital role in the Five-Zang viscu So the spleen is called the acquired foundation and sources of 03 and blood. Visceral manifestation doctxine in TCM deems that the Five-Zang viscera and the Six-Eu visca embody a dialectical unity in structure and function Modem research suggests that spleen in TCM include spleen, pmcreas , lymph, etc. Therefore, spleen in function comprises both digestive system and other systems. That is to say, 1CM pays more attention to fimctions of spleen than anatomy of spleen The pathological changes of the spleen include hypofunction in transportation and transformation of food and water, abnormal generation and circulation of blood and disturbance of water metabolism. The changes can affect heart liver, hung and kidney Thus, there may appear abnormal changes of many organs due to spleen deficiency The spleen is connected with signal transduction in the vital activities. Physiologically, both of them play an mlportant role in the vital activities. Pathologically, both of them can cause abnormal vital phenomena, even diseases. According to the ideas, signal transduction in rats with spleen deficiency syndromes and effective mechanism of Chinese h i,s for replenishing spleen were studied on the basis of the previous research achievement, It is to reveal pathological essences of spleen deficiency and relationships between physiological functions of spleen and signal transduction. Methods The main contents were as follow 1. Rat models with spleen 03, spleen Yang...
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