| This paper is to study the evolving features and the nature of congestive heart failure (CHF) syndrome through clinical investigation, syndrome objectification and comparison of effects on heart-failure models of various treatments in TCM.Clinical Investigation Objective: To study the relationship between CHF syndromes in TCM and their causes, courses, cardiac functions and morphological changes, to compare the survival rates and prognoses of different syndrome types and to find the evolving rules of CHF syndromes. Methods: 408 caces of CHF were investigated to study the syndrome evolving rules and prognoses by consulting case histories and other clinical documents, and also by revisiting. Results: 1) CHF syndromes are related to their causes, among which the Qi-Deficiency and Blood-Stasis, Heart-yang and Heart-qi Deficiency and Yang Deficiency of both Heart and Kidney, all these types are mainly made up of coronary heart disease while the Heart-qi and Heart-yin Deficiency type is substantially composed of hypertension. What's more, different causes result in distinct syndrome manifestations. 2) CHF syndromes in TCM begin with the emergency of Heart-qi deficiency or Heart qi and Hear-yin Deficiency, change slowly from yin to yang, from heart to kidney and from deficiency to excess, then develop into Yin and Yang Deficiency, Heart-yang and Heart-qi Deficiency, Yang Deficiency of both Heart and Kidney and Fluid Retention due to Yang-Deficiency etc. In addition, syndromes vary with cardiac functions and disease courses. 3) Obvious differences of LV and IVS can be found in different CHF syndromes. Heart-yin Deficiency and Heart-yang Deficiency are associatedrespectively with the impairment of diastolic and systolic functions. 4) Different CHF syndromes have different survival rates and the nature of evolving process of syndromes is the depravation and aggravation of diseases and syndromes. Conclusion: CHF syndromes in TCM are the manifestations of combined effects of pathogeny, disease courses and the impairment of diastolic and systolic functions. Syndrome evolvement is the result of disease development.Syndrome Objectification Objective: To study the relationship of CHF syndromes with both changes of cardiac functions and b-adrenergic receptor of peripheral hemolymphatic cells. Methods: 120 cases of CHF were observed to study the objectification of syndrome differentiation in TCM by forming contrasting groups of age and sex, using Doppler ultrasound color cardiogram to test cardiac functions and radioactive aglycone to check p-Adrenergic receptor. Results: 1) In cardiac functional changes, both types of Qi-Deficiency and Blood-Stasis and Heart-qi and Heart-yin Deficiency show mostly diastolic impairment, while the types of Heart-yang and Hear-qi Deficiency, Yang Deficiency of both Heart and Kidney and Fluid Intention due to Yang Deficiency are characterized by systolic impairment. Systolic and diastolic impairment can be found in the Yin-and-Yang Deficiency type, with a severity between the foregoing two types. 2) The Bmax decrease becomes greater by degrees from Qi-Deficiency and Blood-Stasis, Qi-and-Yin Deficiency, Yin-and-Yang Deficiency, Heart-yang and Heart-qi Deficiency, Yang Deficiency of both Heart and Kidney to Fluid Intention due to Yang Deficiency. Conclusion: Diastolic impairment and p-receptor decrease are the objective manifestations of CHF syndromes in TCM, the types of which we can decide by combining their clinical manifestations and the index changes of systolic and diastolic impairment and P-receptor decrease.Comparative study of the effects of various treatments in TCM on heart-failure models Objective: To observe the effects of Sen-Fu injection (SF1)and Sen-Mai Injection (SMI) on haemodynamics and myocardial cell p-receptor of experimental heart-failure rats, to find the mechanism of Qi-Supplementing and Yang-Warming and Qi-Supplementing and Yin-Nourishing methods for heart failure and to illustrate the nature of CHF syndromes in TCM. Methods: We made heart-failure rat...
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