| Part OneBetula platyphylla belongs to Betulaceae and has the effect of antitumor, immunoregulatory and antihechic, ect. 28 Compounds were obtained from the water extract of birch leaves by all kinds of chromatographic methods (silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, silica gel column, and preparative TLC, ect). 23 Compounds were identified by means of physic-chemical property and spectral data (NMR, MS, FR, ect) including three new compounds: platyphyllin A (1), neochlorgeniclatone (2) , (2E,6Z)-2,6-dimethyl-8-O-β-D-glucosyl-2,6-octadienoic acid (3). The known compounds included cyclic diarylheptanoids, phenylic acid, ect. The structures were elucidated as acerogenin E (4), (3R)-3,5'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3l,4"-oxo-l,7-diphenyl-l-heptene (5), 15-methoxy-17-O-methyl-7-oxoacerogenin E (6), acerogenin K (7), 1,2-dihydroxy-benzene (8), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (10), 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (11), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (12), 2-furoic acid (13), gallic acid (14), succinic acid (15), salicylic acid (16), shikimic acid (17), quercetin (18), 5,7,3,4'-tetrahydroxy-3',6,8-trimethoxyflavonol (19), rutin (20), nicotinic acid (21), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarbonaldehyde (22), (3-sitosterol (23). Compound 7 was firstly isolated from Betula L. and compounds 6, 8-23 were isolated from this plant for the first time.The configuration of cyclic diarylheptanoids is very interesting for their macrocycle in stereochemistry. The conformation of diarylheptanoids was calculated by MM2 and the reason of great difference in IHNMR chemical shift between the protons in same carbon ((3R)-3,5'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3',4"-oxo-l,7-diphenyl-l-heptene, 5) was clarified. The structure type, spectrum character ('HNMR, 13CNMR and MS), biosysthesis and bioactivity of cyclic diarylheptanoids were also summarized in this paper.Part twoA currently, sensitively, rapidly quanlitive and quantitive method that can be used to determine multiresidues in most of medicine crops and medicine formation was established by studies on the GC condition, NCIMS condition, ions detected, ionsets, calibration, LODs, extractive condition and recoveries of 29 pesticides. Methods of determining 29 pesticide residues in 20 traditional Chinese medicines were developed. EIMS and NCIMS database for 35 pesticides and PCIMS database for 19 pesticides were established.Using heptachlor epoxide as interal standard, the linearity of 28 pesticides were good with r2 in 0.99-1.000, except phosphamdon with r2 at 0.963. The RSD for most pesticide were below 10%. Traditional Chinese medicines were classified to four kinds according to the main component and different methods were used to extract the pesticide residues: acetone-water was used for syrum medicines; direct partition was used for aqueous medicines and organic solvent was used for dry medicines and oil-contained medicines. After cleaned-up with florisil coloum, the extract was ready for GC-NCIMS/SIM analysis. The recoveries of most pesticides in 10 medicine crops with different effective part and 10 medicine preparations with different formation were between 70-120% with RSD<15%. The LODs were in 0.5~30ppb except dichlorvos, chlordimeform, phosphamidon, triazophos (ppm level). The recoveries and the LODs of most pesticides were in the range of method validation.The pesticide residues in 10 medicine crops with different effective part and 10 medicine preparations with different formation were determined. 11 Medicines contained different amount of organochloride pesticides which indicated that organochloride pesticides widespread in medicines. Although HCHs, DDTs had been prohibited from April. 1 in 1983 in our country, the contamination of organochloride in medicines is still a serious question because of the residues in soil and illegal application. Organophosphorous pesticides were only be detected in 3 medicines but the parathion methyl in in Flos lonicerae was at ppm level. This indicated that the presence Organophosphorous pesticides in medici...
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