| Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmue disease, which mainly affects the elderly. Its histopathology is characterized by subepidermal blister and the deposition of immunoglobulin in direct immunofluorescence(DIF). The patho-genesis mechanism of BP is still unknown. In recent years, people have gradual-ly cared more and more about it relations with genetics. Human major histocom-patibility complex (HLA) is one of basic mark of genetics. HLA is the most complex polymorphism system of genetics. By now, it has been found that most of immune diseases are association with HLA gene. Many scholars found signifi-cantly association between BP and HLA.HLA complex lactates on short arm of chromomere 6, which contains 4 x 106base, accounting for 0. 1% of human genome. The genes are divided into three types according to expressing pattern of structure of their product, organize distributed and function. HLA class I alleles include HLA - A, B, C loci, which encode HLA class I antigen, the latter is expressed in all karyocyte. HLA class E alleles include HLA - D/DP, DR, DQ, which is composed of a group of genes. HLA class Iff alleles locate between HLA class Hand I alleles. HLA complex is a codominant multiple alleles system which has many loci, the genes of it encode show high polymorphism which is a important characteristic of HLA. This make HLA as an ideal mark of gene research. In order to find asso-ciation between BP and HLA - A, B alleles, HLA - A, B alleles of BP were studied by using polymerase chain reaction ?sequence specific primer ( PCR -SSP). There are different report in association between BP and HLA - A, B al-leles in different country scholars. In previous studies concerning association be-tween BP and HLA - A, B alleles were used by serology method, which had few samples and the specificity of antiserum was very few. Relative larger samplesand DNA typing method is used in our study , and more specificity are obtained than before. The result is more reliable.BP is an autoimmune disease, CD4 + Th cell are participated in both cell -mediated immune reaction and humoral - mediated immune reaction, therefore is limited by MHC class II gene which encode by HLA - D. HLA class E gene plays a more important role in immune response and immune regulation, because it involved in the whole process of immune response and immune regulation. The response of T lymphocyte to foreign antigen occurs after the receptor has recog-nized the class II gene in antigen presenting cell (APC). Class II gene prod-uct also regulates the interaction of lymphocyte. It has been reported abroad that HLA - DRB1 * 1101 (DR5) and DRB1 * 04 alleles are related with BP, but there is no report about association between BP and HLA class II gene in our country. We investigated HLA class II gene loci using by PCR - SSP and com-pared it with 168 normal control to find susceptibility gene of BP patient. The result of our research is similar but also different to that of research abroad. This demonstrates that BP patients of different county and nationality have similar in-heritance susceptibility but keep distance of inheritance.Recently it has been found that cell - mediated immune reaction maybe in-volved in the pathogenesis of BP. The immunopathogenesis may be recognized better through researching cytokines of BP serum. Cytokine, inflamation process and immune regulation are closely related. The relation between cytokine and disease is complex. On one hand, cytokines can resist and treat some disease through immune and noimmune mechanism; On the other hand, it can result in or promote the occurring of some disease. For example, IL -6 and TNF - α are possibly involved in some autoimmune disease. The levels of IL - 6 and TNF -α were detected both in BP patients and 20 normal controls by using enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay ( EIISA). All patients had been untreated in corti-costeroid or immunosuppressant for at least 15 days. The relation between the levels of 2 cytokines and disease intensity of BP were studied.
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