| Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was a frequent and multi-occurred disease. Although widely studies had been performed on its episode reason, it still remained not completely clarified. In the numerous etiological theories, the mechanism of stromal-epithelial interaction and the effects of polypeptide growth factors (PGFs) in the process of BPH were more and more thought highly of. The PGFs, for example, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor- β 1(TGF-β1), mediated the stromal-epithelial interaction through paracrine and autocrine, directly controled the growth, differentiation and apoptosis of prostatic cells and played an important role during the process of BPH. In the present study, the expression of bFGF and TGF β1 in normal and hyperplasic prostate were determined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The results showed that positive stain of bFGF, bFGF mRNA and TGF β1, TGF β1mRNA were all observed in epithelial and stromal cells of normal and hyperplasic prostate, and the stain of stromal cells was more strongly than that of epithelial cells. The expressions of bFGF, bFGF mRNA and TGF β1, TGF β1 mRNA in epithelial cells of BPH were higher than that of normal prostate, but there were not difference (P>0.05). The expressions of bFGF and bFGF mRNA in stromal cells of BPH were significantly stronger than that of normal prostate (P<0.05) and also stronger than that in epithelial cells of BPH (P<0.01). The same results were observed in TGF β1 and TGF β1 mRNA. At the same time, the results of immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ had a better concordance. These results suggested that bFGF and TGF β1 can be in situ yielded in prostate, they all significantly increase in BPH and are mainly produced from stroma, they act on prostate through autocrineand paracrine, maintain the normal growth, development of prostate, and play an important role in the process of BPH.The study of histopathology showed that BPH is primarily a disease of stroma. Thus, human prostatic stromal cell of BPH was cultured to observe the effects of bFGF and TGF- β1 on it. The results showed that bFGF could stimulate the growth of the prostatic stromal cell depended on the time and concentration. While acted with TGF- β1 in different concentration, the stromal cells were inhibited in different degree: in comparison with the control, the inhibition to the stromal cells was not significant in concentration of 0.00 1ng/ml and 0.01ng/ml (P>0.05); while in concentration of 0. 1ng/ml, Ing/ml and 10ng/ml, the stromal cells were significant inhibited after cultured 4 days (P<0.05, P<0.01). In order to study the interaction of bFGF and TGF-β1 on the stromal cells, we determined the effects of 5ng/ml bFGF and different concentration TGF- β1 on the stromal cells. The results showed that the stromal cells proliferated after 6days in 0.001ng/ml and 0.01ng/ml TGF- β1(P<0.01); and inhibited the proliferation in 0.1ng/ml, Ing/ml and 10ng/ml in comparison with the control. The inhibition in 0.1ng/ml was little (P>0.05), and was significant in 1ng/ml and 10ng/ml (P<0.01). Furthermore, a -actin was immunohistochemically labelled to observe the phenotype changes of smooth muscle cells after treated with bFGF and TGF-β 1. The results showed that the expression of smooth muscle cells phenotype all decreased in different concentration of bFGF, and decreased significantly in higher concentration (10ng/ml) (P<0.01). This suggested that bFGF can decrease the expression of smooth muscle cells phenotype. The expression of smooth muscle cells phenotype increased in different degrees after treated with different concentration of TGF- β1: significant increase was presented till 0.1ng/ml, and increased companied with the increase of TGF- β1 (P<0.01). These suggested that TGF- β1 can induce the differentiation of smooth muscle cells. The expression of smooth muscle cells phenotype increased in different degree after treated with 5ng/ml bFGF and different concentration of TGF- β1, but...
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