Involvement Of JWA And MAPK In Apoptosis Induced By Arsenic Trixoide In MCF-7 And HeLa Cells And Cell Differentiation Induced By TPA In MCF-7 Cells

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a common point of convergence of many different mitogenic, proliferative, and apoptotic signal transduction pathways in hematologic and epithelial cancers. In mammal cells, there have three major MAPK subfamily subgroups been identified and played important roles for their survival, proliferation and death: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal of stress-activated protein kinase (JNK) and the p38 group of protein kinases. The signaling cascades involving JNK and p38 are thought to be key mediators of stress signals and seem to be responsible mainly for stress-dependent apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Conversely, the ERK pathway plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation and provides a protective effect against apoptosis. The finding of highly selective small molecule inhibitors to MAPK pathway offers the hope that MAPK inhibition-based treatment strategies could soon implement our therapeutic armamentarium against human diseases. More and more pre-clinical evidences prove that MEK inhibition can...