| Objectives1.To analyze serum levels of Dopamine and Noradrenalin of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).2. To explore related factors which influence the prevalence of children with ADHD.3.To study psychological and behavioral characteristics of children with ADHD.4. To evaluate effectiveness of EEG biofeedback training on children with ADHD.Methods1. Serum neurotransmitter levelsELISA was practically utilized to analyze serum levels of Dopamine and Noradrenalin of children with ADHD by Dopamine and Noradrenalin kits imported from Germany.2. FactorsA 1:1 paired case-control study was clinically applied to analyze the related factors of children with ADHD.3. Psychological and behavioral characteristicsA 1:1 matched case-control study was clinically used to analyze the psychological and behavioral characteristics of children with ADHD.4. EEG biofeedback training The integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA -CPT) was practically applied to evaluate the effectiveness of EEG bio-feedback training by ProComp~+/BioGraph biofeedback training system imported from America.Results1. NeurotransmittersThe serum levels of Dopamine and Noradrenalin of the case group were 1.42 ± 0.34 ng/ml and 77.70 ± 37.92 pg/ml respectively, and those of Dopamine and Noradrenalin of the control group were 1. 94 ± 0. 42 ng/ml and 206.20 ± 42.45 pg/ml accordingly. The serum levels of Dopamine and Noradrenalin had significantly difference between the case and control groups (P<0.05) .2. FactorsOf all 131 children with ADHD , the ratio of the boys and girls was 2. 0 : 1, and focused on children aged 8-10 years. The factors which had significant difference were father education, child habit of sleeping on schedule, number of population in a family, father cardplaying, relation between parents, relation between parents and issues, dwelling time after decoration, father character, child suscipion, child self-will, child annoyance, child loneliness by a paired x~2 test, and those were father ages, mother ages, child bed-wetting times per week, child blood levels of Zinc, Iron and Lead by a paired t test respectively; The related factors which effected the incidence of children with ADHD were identified as father ages, mother ages, child bed-wetting times per week, dwelling time after decoration, child self-will, child annoyance, child loneliness, child blood levels of Zinc and Iron using a 1:1 matched case-control univariate conditional Logistic regression analysis. The related risk factors were identified as child loneliness, child bed- wetting times per week, dwelling time after decoration ranked by contribution using a 1:1 matched case-control multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis.3. Psychological and behavioral characteristicsThe intelligence quotients (IQ) of the case and control groups were 99. 92 ± 15. 44 and 106. 96 ± 11. 93 respectively, and were on the normal level. The excellent rates of Chinese and Mathematics of the case group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The positive rates of bed-wetting times per week, usually sitting lonely, acting slowly, extraordinary anxiety, being unable to sit quietly in a long time, often destroying their or other things, always teasing their classmate, inattention, arousing, and squeamish of the case group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The main psychological and behavioral characteristics of children with ADHD were usually sitting lonely, acting slowly, extraordinary anxiety, being unable to sit quietly in a long time, often destroying their or other things, always teasing their classmate, inattention, and squeamish using a 1:1 matched case-control univariate conditional Logistic regression analysis. The main psychological and behavioral characteristics of children with ADHD were usually sitting lonely and being unable to sit quietly in a long time ranked by contribution using a 1:1 matched case-control multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis.4. EEG biofeedback trainingOf all 60 cases, the effective rate of EEG biofeedback training on children with ADHD was 91. 6%. Before and after 40 times of EEG biofeedback training, the combined attention quotients (FAQ) of children with predominately inattentive subtype ADHD were 70. 10 + 11. 79 and 93. 35 + 17. 05, the combined control quotients (FRCQ) of children with predominately hyperactive subtype ADHD were 75. 10±10. 98 and 95. 25±10. 94, the combined attention quotients (FAQ) of children with combined subtype ADHD were 58. 05 ± 16. 53 and 79. 50 ± 23. 03, and the combined control quotients (FRCQ) were 68.90 ± 11.47 and 96. 15 ± 16.05, and overall indexes of IVA-CPT were significantly improved among children with predominately inattentive, hyperactive, and combined subtype ADHD using a 1:1 matched t test (P< 0.001) .ConclusionsIt is suggested to analyze the serum levels of Dopamine and Nor-adrenalin and the related factors of children with ADHD, to undertake the early diagnosis of children with ADHD if distinguished correctly their characteristics of psychology and behavior. Centered by EEG biofeedback training, it is performed to take control and intervention measures in community-based unit directed by doctors, teachers, and their parents.
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