Study On EEG Characteristics And EEG Biofeedback Curative Effect In Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Children

Objectives: To explore the EEG electrophysiology and EEG power features ofchildren with ADHD, and the correlate analysis of EEG characteristics, cognitivefunction and behavioral problems; To formulate the EEG relative power Norm ofnormal urban school-age children in Harbin; To explore the curative effect of thedifferent treatment process of EEG biofeedback intervention in children with ADHD,thereby to provide a more detailed theoretical and clinical guidance basis for theanalysis of EEG activity characteristics in children with ADHD, as well as theetiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.Methods: Random sampled76cases of6to12-year-old ADHD children fromChild Development Behavior Research Center of Harbin Medical University, with1:1matched control group, and use the M-870-PowerLab multichannel physiologicrecorder and VBFB3000EEG biofeedback instrument to analyze EEG activitycharacteristics. A stratified random sampling method was adopted: random sampled180normal school-age children from6to11years old in6primary schools fromthree districts in Harbin City, with30pupils in each age group and half male, halffemale, and use the VBFB3000EEG biofeedback instrument to analyze the EEGrelative power Norm. Random sampled44cases of6to12-year-old ADHD childrenwho participate in the EEG biofeedback treatment, and use the VBFB3000EEGbiofeedback instrument to analyze the curative effect before and after the treatment.Results: According to the design requirements of the research, the results havebeen completed and are as follows:1, Analysis of the EEG electrophysiology characteristics between ADHDchildren and control group showed that θ band amplitude was significant higher, αband amplitude and β band amplitude were significant lower in ADHD children.Analysis of the EEG relative power between ADHD children and control groupshowed that β band relative power and SMR band relative power were significantlower, θ band relative power, θ/β and θ/α were significant higher in ADHD children.2, The comparison of IVA-CPT quotients between ADHD children and control group showed each scale of Full Scale Quotients of IVA-CPT were significant; in Fullscale Response Control Quotient, the auditory Prudence Quotient, visual PrudenceQuotient, auditory Consistency Quotient, visual Consistency Quotient and visualStamina quotient in ADHD children were significant lower than that in control group;in Full scale Attention Quotient, the auditory Vigilance Quotient, visual VigilanceQuotient, auditory Focus quotient, visual Focus Quotient, auditory Speed Quotientand visual Speed Quotient in ADHD children were significant lower than that incontrol group. Factor analysis of the Parent Symptom Questionnaire between ADHDchildren and control group showed that Conduct Problem, Learning Problem,Impulsivity/Hyperactivity and Hyperactivity Index were significant higher t inADHD children.3, Correlation analysis of EEG activity characteristics and IVA-CPT quotients inADHD children showed there was a significant negative correlation between θ bandfrequency and auditory Attention Quotient; and so was its amplitude and the auditoryAttention Quotient; a significant positive correlation between α band amplitude andFull scale Attention Quotient and auditory Attention Quotient; a significant positivecorrelation between α band relative power and Full scale Attention Quotient; asignificant negative correlation between θ/β and Full scale Response Control Quotientand Full scale Attention Quotient; a significant negative correlation between θ/α andFull scale Attention Quotient, auditory Attention Quotient.4, Correlation analysis of EEG activity characteristics and Parent SymptomQuestionnaire factors in ADHD children showed there was a significant positivecorrelation between θ band frequency and Hyperactivity Index, and between θ bandamplitude, β band amplitude and Impulse/Hyperactivity and Hyperactivity Index; asignificant negative correlation between β band frequency and Impulse/Hyperactivityand Hyperactivity Index; a significant positive correlation between θ band relativepower and Hyperactivity Index; a significant positive correlation between α bandrelative power and Conduct Problem, Impulsivity/Hyperactivity, Anxiety andHyperactivity Index; a significant negative correlation between β band relative powerand Impulsivity/Hyperactivity, Hyperactivity Index; a significant positive correlationbetween θ/β and Impulse/Hyperactivity, Hyperactivity Index, and between θ/α andPsychosomatic Disorder, Impulsivity/Hyperactivity, Hyperactivity Index.5, An EEG relative power Norm of each age group of normal school-age childrenfrom6to11years old have been formulated. The average level of θ band relative power is23.07±2.93, α band is14.44±3.32, SMR band is7.14±1.59, β band is5.75±1.25; and θ/β is4.28±1.42, θ/α is1.67±0.39. The EEG activity was stable, andthere haven’t been significant differences between different age groups (as to thedistribution level of each group, please refer to the results section in the paper).6, An verification of reliability and validity for the EEG relative power Norm ofnormal school-age children from6to11years old was conducted, which showed thetest-retest reliability coefficients were significant positive correlation of the EEGrelative power of θ band, α band, SMR band, β band, θ/β and θ/α; for item analysis,the correlation coefficients were significant correlation between the score of everyEEG relative power of θ band, α band, SMR band, β band, θ/β, θ/α; for discriminantvalidity analysis, there were significant differences between every EEG relative power,too.7, Analysis of EEG power before and after EEG Biofeedback Intervention inADHD children showed that after2treatment process, the θ band relative power andθ/β were significant decreased; while the β band relative power significant increased.After3treatment process, each band continued to decreased or increased.8, Analysis of IVA-CPT quotient before and after EEG biofeedback Interventionin ADHD children showed there were significant increase in the whole Full ScaleQuotients of IVA-CPT; in Full scale Response Control Quotient, the auditoryPrudence Quotient, visual Prudence Quotient, and visual Consistency Quotient weresignificant improved, and so did the visual Vigilance Quotient, auditory FocusQuotient, visual Focus Quotient, auditory Speed Quotient in the Full scale AttentionQuotients.Conclusions: There exist abnormal EEG activity characteristics in ADHDchildren such as EEG electrophysiology and EEG power characteristics, which areclosely related to cognitive function and behavioral problems. It is reliable andcredible about EEG relative power Norm of each age group of normal school-agechildren from6to11years old. The curative effect of EEG biofeedback interventionin ADHD children is obvious, yet it needs to adhere to long-term intervention toprovide better curative effect. These conclusions provide a more detailed theoreticaland clinical guidance basis for the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention inADHD children.