The Studies On Chemical Constituents And Pesticide Residues In Different Parts And Growth Periods Of Panax Ginseng C.A.Mey.

The kinds and contents of ginsenosides in different parts of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. (P. ginseng) are different and vary with growth period. Therefore, the studies and understanding on change rule of kinds and contents of ginsenosides in different growth periods and parts of P. ginseng are very important for the general utilization of P. ginseng resources, the extension of P. ginseng parts as medicine and the rationally artificial growth and pharmacy of P. ginseng.In this thesis, the chemical components and pesticide residues in different growth periods and parts of P. ginseng were studied.1. The separation and determination for six kinds of ginsenosides in P. ginseng root were carried out by HPLC/ELSD coupled with microwave-assisted extraction. The results demonstrated that the signal is linearly proportional to the concentration of ginsenosides in the range of 0.025mg/ml and 0.500mg/ml. The recoveries are 85%-104%. The intra-day precision is less than 2.60% and the inter-day precision is less than 6.00%.Seven kinds of ginsenosides in different parts of P. ginseng and Panax quinguolium L. (P. quinquolium) were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction, then were separated and determined by HPLC/UV. The results demonstrated that the signal is linearly proportional to the concentration of ginsenosides in the range of 0.020mg/ml and 0.500mg/ml, and the recoveries were 92.5%-98.7%. The intra-day precision is less than 2.06% and the inter-day precision is less than 6.00%.2. The change of the content of six kinds of main ginsenosides in P. ginseng root with age was studied for Jilin Fusong P. ginseng. Meanwhile, the relationship between the contents of seven kinds of ginsenosides in Longquan P. ginseng and P. quinquolium with the different growth periods was also investigated.(1). It was found that there is a great different in the content of ginsenosides in different parts of P. ginseng and P. quinquolium. It can be seen that the content of ginsenosides is the highest in the root-hair, and then the content decrease in order of leaf, head, root and halm. The content of Re is much higher than that of Rg1 in the leaf and root-hair, but is lower than that of Rg1 in root. Except for Re and Rg1, the content of all other ginsenosides is low, and Rc and Rb3 can not be detected. Additionally, the content of Rb1 in other parts of P. ginseng is high except for leaf.(2). However, the content of ginsenosides in P. quinquolium is the highest in leaf, and then the content decreases in order of root-hair, head, root and halm. The total content of seven kinds of ginsenosides in P. quinquolium increases with age, and the increase is slow from one to two years and then rapid from three to four years.(3). It was still found that although both P. ginseng and P. quinquolium contain the same seven kinds of ginsenosides, the total ginsenosides content in P. quinquolium is higher than that in P. ginseng.3. Some macro and micro-elements, such as Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Sr, Ba and Mn contained in different parts of P. ginseng were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The potentially poisonous race elements, such as Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, Zn, Hg and As were also determined by ICP-MS and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The studies on change trend of the element content in different parts and growth periods of P. ginseng demonstrated that the P. ginseng contains abundant inorganic elements at different parts and the content of each element is different, even significant different at the same part. The content of inorganic elements varied with age of P. ginseng, but significant difference was not found, indicating that the contents of inorganic elements are not greatly affected by ages of P. ginseng. Compared with other parts of P. ginseng, the root-hair shows higher capability to accumulate elements, and, in contrary, the root shows weaker capability to accumulate elements.4. The studies on the relationship between the contents of inorganic elements and ginsenosides demonstrated that there exists certain relationship between the ginsenosides content and the content of inorganic elements in different parts of P. ginseng. The total contents of seven kinds of ginsenosides and nine kinds of inorganic trace elements are the highest in root-hair, and the lowest in root. The total content of seven kinds of ginsenosides increases with the increase of P. ginseng age, whereas the total content of nine kinds of inorganic trace elements is slightly changed with the age.5. Eleven kinds of organic chlorine pesticide residues in different parts of two to five year-old P. ginseng were studied. It was found that the detected pesticide residues are mainly BHC and DDT, and the content of the BHC and DDT are the highest in root-hair and then the content decreases in the order of root and leaf. It was still found that the organic chlorine pesticide residues do not show significant difference in root, root-hair and leaf. The accumulation effect was not found for BHC and DDT.