A Study On The Deep Contact Of Chinese Dialects

Over the past two or three decades. due to introduction and application of contact linguistics theory in the study of Chinese dialects. more and more scholars try to use "mixed dialect", this concept to solve problems encountered in the study of dialects distribution, classification, etc. However, issues such as definition, classification and characteristics have hardly been discussed. Based on the concept of "depth contact", the disertation discussed a series of theoretical and practical problems related to mixed dialect.This disertation includes six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction. Firstly, the disertation introduced the reason of writing, and then recalled an overview of the research at home and abroad. The mixed dialect research is part of the contact linguistics. Despite the long history of the study of language contact, but the history of contact linguistics was only five or six years, and dialect contact can be said in the ascendant. The main outcome in mixed language abroad is about Koine. Domestic research on mixed language has two main features. First, subordinate to the dialects distribution research; second, lay more importance on practice other than theory. Finally, this chapter introduced the research ideas, organization and corpus sources.The second chapter discussed the definition, judgment and classification of the depth language contact. First, the chapter discussed the definition of the dialect, the dialect evolution mode and differentiation. The disertation holds that dialect contact cannot be ignored in the actual study of dialect evolution. Second, the disertation carried out a review of the theory and application of mixed dialects. The disertation found that the study of mixed dialect abroad has no clear definition, while the domestic is often mistakenly considered it as Creole as a dialect level, and confuse up between the mixed dialects and dialects that could hardly be classification. The former discussed dialect contact relationship, while the latter is the discussion on dialect generation relationship. After discussion, the disertation believes that the concept of mixed dialects lack of clear criteria, and quantitative analysis, which causes easily lead to disputes. Therefore, this disertation propose to adopt the term "depth contact" to refer to the phenomenon that a dialect contains multiple dialects characteristics.This disertation believes that the phonetic criteria should be used to determine the phenomena of depth contact. If a language contains at least one phonetic value transfer in sound class, or sound adjustment phenomenon, we call it depth contact. The dialect that contains depth contact phenomenon is called depth contact dialect. The two basic ways in language contact is repairing contact and reconstruction contact. The basis dialect, contact dialect, underlying dialect and purpose dialect are corresponding concepts. Finally, this chapter discussed the classification of the depth contact, and pointed out that the classification should be based on whether the participating dialects could be communicate with each other and different ways of the contact.The third chapter discussed the depth borrowing dialect. First, from phonetic elements and borrowing way, this chapter analyzed the phenomenon of depth borrowing dialects’ classification, and then through the analysis of two cases illustrated the features of depth borrowing dialects. One case is the Dilao dialect in Wangmao Town and Santan Town of Bobai County in Guangxi province, which contains the depth borrow from Cantonese and Hakka dialect. The other is Minnan dialect in Maolin Town, Yulin City, Guangxi province, containing the depth borrow from Min Dialect and Cantonese.The fourth chapter discussed the depth interfering dialect. First of all, the chapter discussed the differences between the depth interfering and depth borrowing, and points out that the definition of depth interfering should be based on the nature of the second dialect. Then this chapter discussed the classification of interfering methods. Finally, the two case studies are used to illustrate the characteristics of depth interfering type dialects. One is Zhenghua in Guangxi Qinzhou, which belongs to depth interfering type dialect, that Cantonese interference mandarin. The other is a Mandarin in Huabu town, Kaihua County, Zhejiang province. It is a depth interfering dialect caused by Wu people used Mandarin and depth interference formatted during the process.The fifth chapter discussed the Koinzeization and dialects leveling in center town. Firstly the chapter introduced the characteristics of Koinzeization, and then pointed out that the difference between Koinzeization and common depth contact dialects is that the former occurs between dialects could be communicate with each other, and format through a more rapid contact process. Secondly, the chapter analyzed Mopan dialect in Jurong, Jiangsu and Xiamenhua in Fujian to illustrate the characteristics of Koinzeization. Thirdly, the chapter discussed dialects leveling in center town. The so-called center town dialect leveling, it is to point to in the same administrative region inside, the center town dialect that could be communicated, compared with other dialects, features or at least have the characteristics of dialects. This is a kind of typical phenomenon of dialects leveling. Finally, this chapter explained the characteristics of center town dialect leveling through two cases:Beiliu dialect in Guangxi and Suzhou dialect in Jiangsu.The sixth chapter discussed depth contact dialects based on main dialects. The so-called "based on" refers to a dialect as the foundation dialect and happens repairing contact to format depth borrowing type dialect or a dialect as a bottom dialect happens reconstruction type contact to format depth interfering type dialect."Main dialects" refers to the Mandarin, Wu, Xiang, Gan, Hakka, Cantonese and Min, seven dialects. Mainly is to practice depth contact dialect judgment work, a total of61kinds of dialect were discussed.It is the conclusion of the whole disertation in the end. The innovation of this disertation lies in the summary and criticism of existing theory and application of mixed dialects, and putting forward the depth contact this term to refer to the phenomenon of mixed dialect. The disertation also put forward its own opinions on the definition, classification, judgment and characteristics of depth contact dialects.