Geography Of Traditional Residential Buildings In

This paper takes the traditional houses in Sichuan and Chongqing area as the research object, focuses on the weak points in the current research, uses history, historical geography, geography and architecture of multidisciplinary research methods, and discusses origin, types, formation and division of the traditional houses in Sichuan and Chongqing region.According to geographical features and national attributes, Sichuan and Chongqing area can be divided into western Plateau Mountainous region and eastern Sichuan Basin and Mountainous region. The minority such as the Zang, Qiang, Yi live in Western Sichuan, and the Han live in Sichuan Basin and Mountainous region.Residence was divided into stone houses, wooden houses, mud houses and tents in Western Sichuan. Its origin was closely related to the natural environment, the requirements of the architectural function, the influence of the social culture and the evolution of the architecture itself. In building materials, residential location and residential patterns, the traditional houses in Plateau Mountainous region were significantly affected by the natural environment and climate conditions. The different areas, the different residential types. For the convenience of production and living and the needs of self protection in the turbulent social environment, the Zang and Qiang chose the same residential type, and the forms of defense and internal function were highly similar. Different social and cultural forces, especially the impact of religious beliefs, ideas, and other aspects, the residence was gradually infected the personality color and national brand, resulting in the Zang, Qiang, Yi People’s residence had different customs. Self evolution of building system also promoted western Sichuan residence diversification.Chinese style houses which belong to the traditional wooden structure buildings have been popular in Sichuan Basin and Mountainous region. It experienced the evolution process from the single stilt-style to a variety of residential system. All kinds of stilt-style architecture was popular in Sichuan Basin and Mountainous region in the pre Qin period. By the influence of the Central Plains culture, the courtyard of the lifting beam has gradually become the mainstream during Qin and Han Dynasties. The main residential shape gradually formed. Various forms of stilt-style architecture and Chinese courtyard complemented each other during the northern and Southern Dynasties. In Tang and Song Dynasties, residence and garden were integrated together, the shop in front-home behind mode was popularized. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, various residential buildings entered Sichuan with immigrants, and integrated each other, gradually formed the pattern.The formation of the traditional houses in Sichuan Basin and Mountainous region is the result of the interaction between the geographical factors, the traditional factors and the migration factors. It’s first restricted by the climatic conditions, geographical features and natural resources. Under the influence of a unique social and culture established by regional crowd, such as customs and habits, Fengshui culture, the etiquette system, religious thought, the local characteristics called "wear bucket frame, clamping mud walls, large eaves, little cyan tiles, long suspending pile, high foundation" have gradually formed.In the "Huguang fill in Sichuan" movement, immigrants came from other provinces into the basin with their residential buildings. Experiencing the coexistence, substitution, deformation, convergence, it converted into a new residential mode, which was born in the past building shape of the basin, and grafted the shape and style of immigrant buildings. Ultimately, the main characteristics of regional architecture system called "overhanging gable and tile roof, wear bucket structure timber frame, wooden wall or bamboo clipping mud, large eaves or wide front porch, flat long courtyard" formed, showing a harmony but not sameness, all-embracing residential style. It’s obviously affected by the interaction between natural environment and social environment, during which various factors interwove together, and history and culture multiple accumulated.Combining the development tracks of two relatively independent residential systems in Plateau Mountainous region of Western Sichuan and Sichuan Basin and Mountainous region, the traditional houses in Sichuan and Chongqing area is not only the direct result of economic activities. Climate, mountains, rivers and other, these specific natural conditions will become a factor. Different nationalities inhabited environment, the traditional social concept, historical experience, change in real life and social development trend will give residential building special and unique forms of existence and continuation of the power. Interwoven and interaction by variables such as nature, society, crowd, regional cultural create the shape and style of traditional houses in Sichuan and Chongqing area. From a fundamental perspective, the impact of natural environment on the traditional houses is the first, and the social environment of the impact of the traditional houses is sub level.According to the basic principles of the historical and geographical lifestyle and architectural form, the traditional houses in Sichuan and Chongqing area can be divided to Chinese style houses, foreign houses, shop houses, watchtower houses, stilted buildings, tents and winter houses altogether eight categories. There are still types and sub types classification under each category.Taking the load-bearing structure of residential buildings as the first standard, the traditional houses in Sichuan and Chongqing region can be divided to wear bucket wooden structure region, arch type wooden structure region and flat type mixed structure region. The wear bucket wooden structure region is divided to Han wear bucket wooden structure district and Tujia, Miao stilted building district. Arch type wooden structure region is divided to tile-plate roof arch type structure district and tile-roof mixed structure district. Flat type mixed structure region is divided to slope tile-plate-roof houses district, Qionglong blockhouses district, frame type blockhouses district, log houses district and tents and winter houses district. There are different residential zones and other residential islands and residential spots under each sub district.The creative work of this paper is that, for a long time, the academic community has been paying attention to the housing phenomenon, ignoring the historical context, paying attention to the construction of residential buildings, ignoring the causes, paying attention to the single building, and ignoring the regional system,so the origin of traditional houses and evolution in Sichuan and Chongqing area are supplemented, the residential houses formation mechanism is interpreted synthetically on history and the humanities, the fuzzy pattern of residential division is broke through, and build a more clear framework of classification and division in this paper. It provides a new method for the study of regional residential houses in the futrue.