A Study On Mongolian Society In Qinghai In Qing Dynasty

Qinghai Mongolian is a part of the whole Mongalian in the world. After entering to Tibet plateau, under the influence of internal and external factors, its social and political organization mode had some changs. The five parts of Qinghai Mongolian social is the research object in this dissertation, including political, social, martial organization, economic, social culture and custom. Through the research, we can find the trend of Qinghai Mongolian development, the reason and character of Qinghai Mongolian social changs.The first chapter mainly describes Qinghai geographical and culture environment the history of Mongolian lived in Qinghai. The east and north of Qinghai province connect to Gansu province, and the southeast of Qinghai province connect to Sichuan province, the south and southwest of Qinghai province connect to Tibet, the northwest of Qinghai province connect to Sinkiang. Qinghai province is the corridor from the east region going to Sinkiang, Gansu and Tibet, so that the strategic location of Qinghai province is very important. In the period of the Mongolia Empire and Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian entered and lived in Qinghai following Mongolia army and administrative supervision of princes. A large number of Mongolian began to enter Qinghai in the middle and late of Ming Dynasty. In the late of Ming and early of Qing Dynasty, Gushri Khan led Hershot Mongolian as the protector of the Gelugpa Sect of Tibetan to enter Qinghai from north and south of Tianshan Mountains, founded Qosot Khan’s Reign and established close relation with Qing Dynasty.The second chapter mainly research Mongolian’s social structure lived in Qinghai in the period of Qing Dynasty. Gushi Khan attacted great important to management of Qinghai. he sent his eight sons to nomadic in Qinghai, and thereby emerge Eight Daikichi in Qinghai. Mongolian divided into left and right wing and has two leaders. Hong Daikichi is the real leader of Qinghai Mongolian. For internal things, he ruled tribe people, handled disputes; for external things, he represent for Qinghai feudal princes. If some important events emerged, Hong Daikichi would call a conference for discussing together. After the event of Lob Tsangdanjin, Qing Government separated five Qinghai Mongolian tribe to twenty nine Banner, all nearby Qinghai lake. At the same time, sea sacrifice and conference activity was retained, which could enhance ability to control Qinghai Mongolian. Further more, Qing government enacted serials of law for limiting Qinghai Mongolian social activity.The third chapter mainly research economic of Qinghai Mongolian in the period of Qing Dynasty. Qinghai Mongolian’s economic structure was simple. Animal husbandry was the main production mode in Qinghai Mongolian social, including horse, cattle, sheep, camel and so on. Although agriculture and salt mining existed that time, their scale were small, and the mode of production was backward. Qinghai Mongolian’s commercial activity mainly include tribute trade and private trade. The tribute trade only existed in the early of Qing Dynasty, and political significance was more important than economic benefit. Qinghai Mongolian herdsmen mainly got goods necessity for life from nearby farming nation by private trade. By international market influence, wool trade was booming in Qinghai in the later of Qing Dynasty. Overall, in the period of Qing Dynasty, Mongolia lived in Qinghai had weak conscious of commodity economy, and their trade mode was primitive.The fourth chapter mainly research Qinghai Mongolian’s education, language, social custom and religion. Qinghai Mongolian’s education contained family edu cation, private school education and temple education. Under some influences lik e religion and education, the Qinghai Mongolia group some degrees assimilate to th e Tibetan nation in many aspects, like languages, clothing. Qinghai Mongolian’s ma in belief is Tibetan Buddhism, at the same time some is naturism, and by Hu-i minority’s influence nearby, some became Islams. Through the research above qu estions, we can find that the culture of Qinghai Mongolian in Qing Dynasty was diversification.The fifth chapter mainly analyse Qinghai Mongolian’s social development trend in Qing Dynasty, and discuss the characteristic and reason of its culture changes. For Lob Tsangdanjin Event influence, Qinghai Mongolian social began to fall. In the middle and later of Qing Dynasty, Tibetan transferred to north, invading and harassing Mongolian constantly, which caused Qinghai Mongolian’s social decline, like population reduction and economic recessing. Although Qing government took many measures including political, military, religion, economic and so on to coordinate the relationship between Mongolian and Tibetan, maintain Mongolian social, but the decline trend of Qinghai Mongolian in the period of Qing Dynasty did not changed. Through study, we can find that the general trend of Qinghai Mongolian social change was tibetanize. Under some factors influence like nature, political, economic and marriage spanning ethic, the chang of Mongolian’s culture showed differentiation and diversification.