Qing Dynasty Qinghai Tibetan Social Studies

Tibetan is a member of the Chinese nation, and the Tibetan in Qinghai is also the part of Tibetan. In the course of historical development, the formation of Tibetan in Qinghai is different from the Tibetan in Tibet, so the jurisdiction of Tibetan in Qinghai under the Qing government distinguishes from that of Tibetan in Tibet. Taking the Qinghai-based Tibetan tribes in the Qing Dynasty as the object of study, based on the study into the origin of the Tibetan in Qinghai and historical development, this thesis discusses the various systems for the Qinghai-based Tibetans under the jurisdiction of Qing government, such as the installation of the Tusi system including Tusi, thousands of households and so on, and probes into the status of the Tibetan in Qinghai in details. In particular, the preliminary study on the policies implemented in Qinghai during the Qing Dynasty and the reasons of policy changes has been done. In addition, based on the limited documents and materials, field information, etc., this thesis expounds the actual situation of Tibetan society in Qinghai of Qing Dynasty from the aspects of economy, social organization, culture, education, and folk customs. The chapters of thesis are as follows:In Chapterâ… , starting from the relevant research results of the scholars and folk word of mouth information and taking the Golog Tibetan among the Tibetan tribes in Qinghai as an example, the author analyzes their origin and argues that the origin of Tibetans in Qinghai is diverse. By use of the historical development as a clue, the thesis discusses the historical context of the Tibetan in Qinghai from their generation and formation to development in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties since the end of Tubo dynasty.In Chapterâ…¡, the author deals with the situation of the Tibetan tribes in Qinghai of the Qing Dynasty and discusses the policy changes in Qinghai from the Qing government and the various systems implemented by the policy changes, such as the Tusi system and the theocracy system, and explores the military system of the Tibetan tribes, the legal system for the Tibetan tribes from Qing government and the customary law in the Tibetan tribes and so on. This section contains more contents, including both the related policies for the Qinghai-based Tibetan tribes from the central government and the custom policies which are used to deal with the different matters among the Tibetan tribes.In Chapterâ…¢, the author mainly describes the social organizations of Tibetan tribes in Qinghai. With the exception of the social strata of Tibetan society, this section focuses on the status o tribal organizations, secular organizations and temple organizations so as to have an understanding of the social situation of the Tibetan tribes in Qinghai.In Chapterâ…£, the author studies the economic conditions of the Tibetan tribes in Qinghai based on the limited information, the author thinks that the economy of Tibetan tribes in Qinghai takes the animal husbandry as the mainstay, although there are other industries, they does not have a significant impact on their economies, and based on the Tibetan tribes in Yushu, this section analyzes their economic conditions and the related constraint factors on their economic development.In Chapterâ…¤, the author discusses the cultural and educational situation of the Tibetan tribes in Qinghai of the Qing Dynasty, and their culture and education primarily adopts the lection education in temples. In the temples, the learning contents concerns the Esoteric Buddhism, Exoteric Buddhism, astronomy, calendar, knowledge of Tibetan medicine and so on and they utterly follow the rules and regulations of Tibetan Buddhism, because of this, since the Tibetan people become the sensible, they have been the devout believers in Tibetan Buddhism. Although the Confucian education already carried out in the Hehuang area, it had little effect on the Tibetan tribes. I can say without exaggeration that in the Qing Dynasty, Confucian education did not even enter into the Tibetan people.In Chapterâ…¥, the author introduces and discusses the status of folk customs and religious belief in the Tibetan tribes of Qinghai in the Qing Dynasty. From the view of the folk customs, the phenomenon of coexistence of different cultures exists, which also reveals the diversity of Qinghai Tibetan origins. For the faith, in addition to the religious beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism, the folk belief also includes the content of the primitive belief,nature worship.