A Study On The Problem Of Deliberative Democracy In The Process Of National Governance Modernization

With the transition from a traditional society to the modern one in our country, the social structure, the pattern of interests and the ideas of our country have had profound changes, which leads to the traditional model of state governance is difficult to satisfy the need of the development of the new era. In this context, it has been a severe challenge for the socialist party in the new situation that how to carry out effective democratic administration to enhance the level of social consensus. As a potential democratic form of governance, deliberative democracy can enhance the role of citizens even civil society in the whole country governance through a free and rational public dialogue which usually makes the citizen’s preferences more reflective and more easily become the foundation of public policy with the purpose of safeguarding the sovereignty of the people, which greatly contributes to the realization of promoting the process of the national governance modernization. Based on this, the paper tries to do the research combining the deliberative democracy with the national governance modernization.This paper consists of introduction and five chapters. The introduction mainly includes the problem consciousness, the significance of the topic, the domestic and foreign research review, the innovative points and difficult points of research, research methods and other aspects.The first chapter elaborates the basic theory of deliberative democracy. For a more comprehensive grasp of deliberative democracy which is a new democracy theory paradigm, this chapter not only pay attention to the introduction of basic meaning and form of democracy, but also do the deep research on the aspects of the connotation, the elements, the characteristics, the value, the limit, the goal of deliberative democracy. What is more, because of the impossibility of completely using the theory of the Western deliberative democracy theory to research the theory and practice of deliberative democracy in China, so this chapter emphatically discusses how to construct the theory of deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics. And in order to solve this problem, this chapter points out that the theory of deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics is actually a great creation about the implementation form of democracy by reasonably referring to the positive achievements of the development of Western deliberative democracy theory on the basis of the traditional and realistic historical conditions of China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China guided by the Marx theory.The second chapter analyzes the social background of the development for deliberative democracy, which is also namely the national governance modernization. This chapter firstly introduces the theoretical connotation of national governance modernization from the theoretical level, then explores our country’s historical evolution process of national governance from the aspect of practice, finally do the research combining the deliberative democracy with the national governance modernization and draws such a conclusion that the process of national governance modernization promotes the development of deliberative democracy and the development of deliberative democracy can also contribute to the realization of modern national governance.The third chapter takes a combinative form with the longitudinal and lateral approaches to introduce the process of development and the current situation of deliberative democracy. Among them, in the point of the process of development of deliberative democracy, this chapter focuses on putting the deliberative democracy into the special process of national governance modernization to do the research, which not only introduces both the development of deliberative democracy in traditional national governance period and the development of deliberative democracy in the period of transition, but also pays attention to deep reflection on the development of deliberative democracy in those two different periods. But in the point of the current situation of deliberative democracy, this chapter emphatically introduces the development of practical forms of deliberative democracy in six different areas, those are deliberative democracy between parties, deliberative democracy of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, deliberative democracy of the National People’s Congress, deliberative democracy in government’s policy-making, deliberative democracy in grass-roots and deliberative democracy in network.The fourth chapter carries on the induction and summary about the basic experience got during the development of the practice of deliberative democracy in China. Surely, it is not enough to promote the development of our deliberative democracy practice well only by summing up experience. So, this chapter emphatically finds out several problems during the development of our deliberative democracy practice at present, such as the lack of participation for ordinary Chinese, the lack of representativeness of delegates, too high deliberative cost, too low efficiency, too big deliberative randomness, easily be controlled during the process of deliberative democracy, low quantity of deliberation and hard to carry out, democratic show of government with deliberative democracy and non sustainable development of deliberative democracy, etc. In terms of those problems, the reasons containing the development of deliberative democracy are in many respects, which include not only the idea and position but also the system and social environment.The fifth chapter emphatically puts forward the original condition and main measures to deepen the development of deliberative democracy. Although deliberative democracy has its special advantages in realizing modern national governance, the several difficulties during development of our deliberative democracy practice have seriously constrained the full reflection of this kind of advantage. Therefore, on the one hand, we need to continuously optimize each aspect condition for the development of deliberative democracy from the macroscopic angle, such as the angel of the politic, the economy, the culture and the society. While on the other hand, we need to continuously promote the wide multi-level institutional development of deliberative democracy from micro perspective, which usually consists of deliberative body, deliberative object, deliberative system and deliberative form, etc.