A Study On The Problem Of Anomie Of Human Rights Since The Reform And Opening - Up

With more than 60 years of socialist construction and 30 years of reform and opening, Contemporary China is entering a critical period of development since 1949. On the one hand, China is facing an important strategic opportunity to rise, which makes finishing “Two Centenary Goals” and standing rock-firm in the family of nations have a bright future. On the other hand, Reform enters deep water area, meeting with the challenge that social contradictions are prominent. Therefore, how to seize the opportunity and to overcome the crisis of development becomes the central topic for deepening reform and finishing building a moderately prosperous society. The CPC and the government as the bearer of the public power in the government-led modernization, is not only the direct designer of various institutions and policies, but also the main pusher and executor. It can be said that its role positioning and behavioral practice play a decisive role in the reform, ultimately concern the success or failure of socialism with Chinese characteristics. To research on the condition of the public power since 1978, objectively depict the life course of public power, summarize the kinds of non-normalized usage of public power and its negative impacts, scientifically study its reasons, and then targetedly give the corresponding policy recommendations; which are the written order of this essay.Specifically speaking, the normative issue of public power is not only concerned with the process of Chinese reform and modernization, and has been the focus of the public opinion nowadays; in other words, the requirement from people of the whole country that public power should be supervised is increasingly normalized. The item of public power in no longer an abstract word, it has gradually been a part of our daily life with the rapid secularization of society. This requires public power to act more transparently and normatively.Based on the above judgments, this study tries to place the operation of the public power and its anomie phenomenon into the transformation of Chinese society; with using the theory of macroscopically history and multi-disciplinary knowledge of sociology, politics etc., to research on the practice of public power since the reform and opening. It aims to comb the process of public power, its rules and main characteristics; to make the performance and negative effects of its anomic phenomenon clear; and to present the comprehensive lineament of the problem, eventually try to propose some policies to solve this problem. The basic framework of this article is as follows:According to “problem consciousness” of social science, the introductory part brings forward the theme of the anomie of public power since the reform and opening, and tries to elaborate its significances from the theoretical and practical aspect. Basing on reviewing the academic studies on the issue, this study wants to make new further explanations to its connotations, performances, negative effects and causes and so on.The first chapter mainly states its basic situation of the public power in new China. It includes three parts: Firstly, by placing the public power in the historic process of the foundation of new China, to phase interpretation the operation of public power.Secondly, to extract the main features of the current public power, and grasp its characteristics. Thirdly, through summing up the performances to present its functions of public power objectively.The second chapter aims to recapitulate the basic forms of public power anomie. This part mainly analyzes several kinds of anomic behavior from four dimensions: Firstly, from the macro level, to describe three kinds of behavior: public power conflicting with private rights, public power excluding private rights and seeking gains at the people’s expense.Secondly, from the ratio of social power level, to analyze abnormal the political elite alliance with other elites, performance of the commercialization of public power and the academic action of public power.Thirdly, from the internal system of public power,to analyze the lateral imbalance of itself, highlighting the departmentalization of power.Fourth, from the internal system of public power, to analyze the longitudinal imbalance of itself, mainly presents extremely personalized and familization of power.The third chapter analyzes the negative effects of public power anomie: First, owing to infringement behavior of public power at basic level, it does damages to the basic rights of the people, which exacerbates the conflicts between officials and people.Secondly, due to excessive expansion of public power in other fields, it distorts the mechanism of resource allocation, which deepens the degree of social injustice, leading to class solidification intensified.Thirdly, because of public power along with huge economic benefits, it produces a wide range of “demonstration effect ”and abnormal “incentive effect”, which causes “power worship ”behavior characterized of “power fetishism”.Fourth, the public power degrading autonomous space of the society, it is not conducive to social autonomy and the growth of public sphere, but also makes ruling cost increase.Fifth, the anomie of public power consolidates institutional inertia, resulting in the no-cooperative phenomena and the mechanisms of resisting reform, which is not conducive to the deepening reform.The fourth chapter analyzes the reasons that the anomie of public power in three aspects. Firstly, based on historical perspective, it focuses on the traditional political culture, the logos of military struggle, the tradition of political mobilization and the planned economy, which make public power shape. Secondly, on account of objective constraints, it gives analysis of the social integration, social risk, immature social organization and social members lacking of individual consciousness, which cause induced effect to the anomie of public power. Thirdly, in view of public power itself, it explores to analyze the benefit consciousness; the values of law and the functional position of public power etc., which are the subjective factors. Thus this article can fully demonstrate the underlying origins of the anomie of public power from all-round in three-dimensional perspectives.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the solution of this anomic problem. First, by expatiating the ruling risks remaining, social contradictions situation being still griming, pros and cons of national experiences, to illustrate the necessity of normalizing public power. Secondly, through analysis of the ability of contemporary Chinese political elites, the possibility of social unrest and the degree of social self-organization, to explain that normalizing public power still has a large space. The third part summarizes some foreign representative practices of regulating public power. The fourth part then supposes some policy suggestions for normalizing public power.The end part summarizes the full essay and discusses possible research space.