A Study On The Theory Of REDD+Mechanism And The Participation Model To Carbon Trade Market

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC), forestry is being converted to other land use each year. Deforestation and forest degradation accounts for around a fifth of global carbon emissions, making it the second largest contributor to global warming. With the increasingly concern on climate change, the irreplaceable role of forests in mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions has been gradually recognized by the international community. Since REDD was introduced through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) its scope has been expanded through successive international negotiations to include not only forest conservation but also forest enhancement and sustainable management activities (the so-called REDD+). REDD+mechanism provides opportunities for forestry to be deeply involved in the global carbon market.Forests play a vital role in any initiative to combat climate change. In China, the population is large and land area is limited. In the realization of the forest area and forest stock volume growth at the same time, more attention should be paid to the sustainable management of forest resources. The principle of the China natural forest protection project and the REDD+mechanism is the same:financial compensation should be paid for reducing deforestation. Therefore, REDD+mechanism means a great significance for the low forest cover rate and low deforestation rate countries, such as China.Based on the public goods theory, externality theory, environmental Kuznets curve and the institutional economics theories this paper intend to make a study on participation model of forestry in carbon trade market under the REDD+mechanism. First of all, according to the different classification standards this paper summarized the current status of global carbon trading market, made a comparative analysis on forestry carbon trade and other carbon markets, reviewed the process of forestry carbon trading from the "Kyoto Protocol" in the clean development mechanism (CDM) to REDD/REDD+mechanism and made an adverse hypothesis on playing the forest carbon sequestration function. Second, this paper made a comparative analysis on Chinese natural forest protection project and the REDD+mechanism, put forward a payment mode which based on carbon sinks monitoring. Third, this paper analyses the integration possibility of the REDD+mechanism and the carbon trading market. Among the difficulties for REDD+mechanisms to participate in the carbon trading market, the most difficult one is to predict the deforestation reference level. Forth, using the econometric model this paper analyzed the social economy and structural force behind deforestation and put forward a new method for predicting the forest area changes, which is called "comprehensive regulation factor method". Using this method the paper predicted the forest stock volume in Heilongjiang province without the implementation of the Chinese natural forest protection project, and then evaluated the carbon sinks effect of the project. Finally, the paper pointed out that the public-private cooperation is a new model for forestry to participate in the carbon trading market under the REDD+mechanism, and proposed the countermeasures from four aspects of scope, reference level, financing and distribution.