| The agricultural mechanization development in China has been entered a period of rapid development. The agricultural mechanization development level increased year by year, the index development has been speeded up remarkably. Under the rapid development of the excellent situation in agricultural machanization, as measured by the Scientific Outlook on Development, there is still a big gap with the requirement of realized agricultural modernization. There are many imbalances, such as regional development imbalance, equipment structure and layout imbalanced, crops mechanization level also uneven, the development of mechanization of crop production each link also difference. The allocative efficiency and the production efficiency also exists regional imbalance. Agriculture machinery allocation efficiency and production efficiency also exists regional unbalance of. It has important theoretical and practical value to quantitative research and qualitative analysis the imbalances of agricultural mechanization in China.In this paper, the imbalance in the development of agricultural mechanization in China as the research object, using different methods, analyzed the main factors which influenced the agricultural mechanization development and analyzed the imbalance of agricultural mechanization level, agricultural equipment level, agricultural machinery allocative efficiency, technical efficiency,. The main research contents and conclusions were as follows:Firstly,the results indicate that the factors impact on the agricultural mechanization development level and the affect path coefficients are difference in the order in China. Based on the research and the analysis on the characteristics of data of agricultural mechanization development in China, the problems of the agricultural mechanization and agricultural equipment were analyzed. The main factors influencing the agricultural mechanization development level were analyzed using structural equation model. The results showed that: the role of agricultural equipment level influence on the level of agricultural mechanization was 0.6025; the maximum influence factor on the level of agricultural equipment level was the economic development, it was 0.5153, followed by the land resource endowment, 0.4262; mechanical efficiency factors in the third row, 0.3250, policy and environmental factors in fourth, 0.2624, the minimum factor was population, 0.2038.Secondly, the results indicate that the provinces can be divided into four types according to agricultural mechanization development in china. Using the method of system cluster analysis, the agricultural mechanization level of 31 provinces of the mainland China was divided into 4 types. The 4 types regions were analyzed: the first type was benefit promote the rapid development. The agricultural economic benefits of this type region was better with higher level of the agricultural mechanization, development of this region was comprehensive and coordinated; the second type was the equipment driven the rapid development, the agricultural equipment level was higher, the development was faster; the third type was the comprehensive development lag, the agricultural equipment level, benefit level and scale level was low in this region, comprehensive level of agricultural mechanization was lagging behind; the fourth type was the scale driven the rapid development, scale management was better, farming integrated mechanization level was higher, development was faster in this region. The three major grain crops sown area accounted for 6.08%, 29.49%, 40.92% and 23.51% of the four kinds of regionsThirdly,the agricultural equipment technical efficiency were calculated after removing the effect from environmental variables and random factor in China. The provinces were divided into four types regions accordance with the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Based on the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) model, the paper studied on the agricultural mechanization efficiency of China in 2012. After removing the influence of environmental variables and random factors, the national average technical efficiency of the agricultural machinery equipment efficiency dropped from 0.755 to 0.695, the national average pure technical efficiency rose from 0.942 to 0.960, the national average scale efficiency fell to 0.722 from 0.796. Hilly mountainous area accounts for the proportion of land area, crop planting structure, per capita cultivated area and other external environmental variables had a significant influence on technical efficiency of agricultural equipment; wheat planting area accounts for the total sown area of farm crops and per capita cultivated area were positively correlated to agricultural equipment technical efficiency; hilly mountainous area accounts for the land area was negative correlation with the technical efficiency of agricultural equipmentis; Moreover, China can be divided into four types: double high type, high-low type, low-high type and double low type according to pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.Fourthly, the allocation efficiency of agricultural machinery in provinces and districts were calculated, their trends were discussed in China. Based on the agricultural input and output data of 31 provinces in China from 1991 to 2009, this paper measured machinery production allocative efficiency by stochastic frontier analysis techniques and analyzed its characteristics of variation tendency and spatial distribution. The results showed that the allocative efficiency was average 64.65% from 1991 to 2009 in China. In 1991-1995, allocation efficiency rose from 50.08% to 71.24%; In 1995-2002, the allocation efficiency has been declined year by year, dropped to 62.03% in 2002;In 2002-2009,it has been risen year by year, rose to 69.78% in 2009. The average of each region indicated that Northeast China was the highest, with East China the second, allocation efficiency of agricultural machinery of these 2 regions were 70.85% and 70.02%, Northwest was the lowest region with only 50.16%, the above 3 regions showed fluctuating upward trend; Southwest, North China and Mid-southern China in the middle were respectively 69.96%, 64.75% and 63.75%, the above 3 regions were presented upside down inverted "U" type. The results above showed that: production allocative efficiency of agricultural machinery in China was still at a low level, there is a large room for improvement; it was large differences between regions in China and varied among those regions.Finaly, the development trend of agricultural equipment Gini coefficient in China and the size of each index were studied. It was used that panel data from 30 provinces(cities, districts) of China mainland during the 1991-2010, according to the Lorenz curve and the principle of Gini coefficient, it was comprehensively measured the imbalance of agricultural machinery equipment level from three aspects of total amount of agricultural machinery equipments, structure and benefits, the results were shown as follows: During 1991-2010, comprehensive Gini coefficient of China agricultural machinery equipment level showed the trend of decline in fluctuation. The Gini coefficient of agricultural workers-total power of agricultural machinery was higher than than other Gini coefficient; the Gini coefficient of large and medium-sized tractor matching implements and small tractor matching implements were lower than other Gini coefficient. They were the main factors of influence on regional disparity of agricultural machinery equipment level that economic development level, agricultural machinery development and promotion policy, natural and geographical conditions, planting system. By 2010, agricultural equipment integrated gini coefficient and the gini coefficient of every index are relatively average and high average range. |
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