The Research Of Building Measuring Institutional System And Comparison Between China And The Unite States

Since ancient times, national competitions have taken various forms. Around 1500 AD, the geographical discovery of opportunities makes the competition between the great powers breaking through the restriction of geographic space. Countries’distinctive paths and experiences, not only is inspiring today, also affects the future. The concept of national competitiveness initially original from political field, and then extending to the economical field. As Michael Porter shows national competition firstly in the competitive advantage of nations, now the concept of competition is endowed with more abundant meanings. What kinds of factors affect the national competitiveness? China, a developing country, under the condition of limited resources, how to utilize the limited resources to improve the key factors influencing the national competitiveness and win the competitive advantage, improving the national competitiveness and ithe national life? The theory of institutional competitiveness argued that the relationship between institution and national competitiveness are importance to promote the competitiveness of the country, which makes how to build quantitative country’s institutional competitive system become the focus of academic concern and controversy.By the global competition increasingly fierce, countries’competitions gradually show the trend of institutionalization. China which is the most competitive developing countries, how to compete with the United States which is the most competitive developed countries and achieve advantage in institution level, then through the own institution advantages to seek opportunities in regional cooperation and international affairs. The academic research has practical significance. China and the United States are economic giants, which have a host of heterogeneity exist in the economic, political, and cultural, but from perspective China and the United States’institution of competitiveness, based on the theory of national competition as well as in regional scale system attracting the aspects of resources, such as competition for foreign direct investment in China and the United States, they are comparability. The other more point is How China into the international system in the institutionalization of global competition? Which may depth to participate in international competitions. Both of them make China and the United States has comparability.We first define the concepts of competitiveness, national competitiveness, institution competitiveness and others by reviewing literature. On the basis of the clear concepts, we reviewed the theoretical foundation of the national competitiveness, national competitive advantage theory, and the relationship between the institution and the national competitiveness. Then the literature review shows that there is no an independent and direct measure system of competitive institution, the existing measure system is implied in the national competitiveness evaluation system and the system of global quality of measurement system. After that, we focus on the WEF global competitiveness evaluation system, comparing China’s and the United States’ institutional competitiveness and systematically analyze the difference factors influencing the China’s and the United States’ institutional competitiveness.Based on the above of academic ideas and dispute, we do exploratory research. First of all, defining the system of competitiveness, national competitiveness, competitiveness and related concepts, elaborating the theoretical basis of national competitiveness, national competition theory, system and national competitiveness theory, shows the system competitiveness research status. After a review of the existing evaluation system shows that it not exist an independent competitive system, direct measurement system, the existing system is implied in the national competitiveness evaluation system and the system of global quality measurement system. Second, we with the help of the WEF global competitiveness system study on the difference of institutional competitiveness of China and the United States, a preliminary analysis of the factors influencing of China and the United States are different. We get the preliminary judging. Third, the article according to the theory of institutional economics and comparative institutional economics research method as the foundation, through the systematic induction, combing system concept and system of classification, found that although the WEF and IMD world competitiveness evaluation system and improve the quality measurement system of our existing global system, but it is still not contained about all the new institutional economics system category, is not comprehensive, but also against polymerization method using basic logic problems.This paper tries to establish a more perfect measurement system of institutional competitiveness. Literature review shows that the quality national institutional competitiveness from the state institutional quality, affected by the price institutional competitiveness, the institutional quality in a certain range, through the competition with competitors gets show. So First, we put the theory of new institutional economics as the basis of system construction, to establish a new system of global quality measurement institution, which bases on the institution definition, institution embedded, institution classification as the logical foundation and system building assumption. The system according North’s property right system as the core, the formal system as the main body, adding "large institutions" select agent system quality indicators. Later, under the system using cluster analysis and factor analysis method to the empirical analysis, the results proved the rationality of the system, also found China and the United States belong to different clustering sets, thus confirming the range of homogeneity and non homogeneous competition in China and the United States. We also use this method analyzes the institutional quality development situation of China and the United States, finding out the influence of the differences institutional quality potential institutional factors between China and the United States. Then, on the basis of the time we are supported by the profit maximization theory, decision-making structure, actuation factor structure, information structure, coordinate logic to be compared to the internal structure of the four aspects, establish the group of 20 (G20) system of regional institutional competitiveness measurement system, using correlation analysis proves the rationality of the system. Finally, based on the system for institutional competitiveness compare the empirical analysis of China and the United States (qualitative and quantitative), including the status quo analysis, history analysis, grey correlation analysis and variance analysis, etc., variance analysis which is derived based on the analysis of variance covariance factorization model, shows the difference of the two countries in the G20 in cabal system competitiveness, grey correlation analysis shows the strength of the factors influencing the system of the competitiveness difference.We found that firstly, whether it is a system of competitive global indirect measurement system (WEF) or direct measurement system of area (G20), the institutional competitiveness of China and the United States are significant differences; First of all, the whole American institutional competitiveness development comprehensively, China have only individual indicators showing more competitive. Second, China and the United States institutional competitive strategic path are different:the United States follows the overall development strategy; China’s promotion strategies focus on mainly indicators through public institutions to complete. Again, under the G20 regional institutional competitiveness measurement system, China and the United States are differences in the competitive position in the G20 and present a dynamic competition. In addition, China and the United States in the G20 belongs to different the interests of group, not only the small group of institutional competitiveness is different, and each small group of sub-index contribution to the overall competence is different. Finally, the influence the institution of China and the United States competitive level of the lower institutional factors is different also, differences between the correlation factors and the institutional competitiveness. Secondly, institutional competitiveness origin from quality of competitiveness, the basis of institution of China and the United States there are also differences:(1) quality is not the same in different parts of the institution in China, mainland China, Taiwan, Macau, and Hong Kong, China set points belong to different institution, suggests that the Chinese competitive exist differences in different parts of the institutions, China and the United States of institutional competition is multidimensional, multilayered; (2) Hong Kong and the United States is divided into the same institutional clustering set, indicates that institutional competitiveness of Hong Kong and the United States are similar to a certain level of homogeneous competition, but the rest of China and the United States is a heterogeneous competition; (3) the potential factors influencing the quality of the China and the United States’institution are different also, suggests that the basic factors influencing the institutional competitiveness of China and the United States.In conclusion, although the reform and opening have greatly changed the system of our country’s macro environment, greatly enhance the level of China’s institutional competitiveness, but compared with developed countries of the United States, China still need to continue to strengthen and improve the institution arrangement, continue to promote the institution construction, to comprehensively promote the competitiveness of the system level. we should value compared with the United States at the same time, China’s institution competitive power in the region development, the process of ascension and dynamic competition, as well as the differences between its own regional institution competitiveness objectively the status quo and regional interests in small group they belong to the competition between countries are also different.