| Since 1980s, both the developed and developing countries have been undergoing a dramatic institutional transition of the economic and social system. The impact of institutional transition on the spatial distribution of industry and the urban-rural space has drawn considerable interest of the international geographers. In China, the reform of economic institution since 1978 has changed the fundamental motivation of urban-rural spatial development, which becomes the most important shaping and driving forces for the changes of urban-rural economic and social morphology, as well as spatial restructure. The institutional reasons for the urban-rural spatial evolution have also drawn considerate attention of the Chinese human geographers. There are many vital issues remained to be further explored. For example, what are institutional variables that have an effect on the evolution of urban-rural spatial structure? How do the institutional variables exert the effect on the urban-rural space? How does the administration and market mechanism change? What are the roles played by government and market in the current urban-rural spatial evolution, and how does the role of governments change during the reform of economic institution? The economic institution is the regulation context of economic activities. The spatial evolution affected by the changing economic institution should be investigated by analyzing the various form and process of economic activities. In order to solve the current scientific issues, a good piontcut is needed to analyze the effect of institution on space.China is now experiencing a high speed of industrialization and urbanization. Manufacturing space plays a fundamental and guiding role in the urban-rural spatial development. It also carries important information of the reform of economic institution as well as the urban-rural development. With the pointcut of the changes of manufacturing spatial distribution, this study built a theoretical framework of manufacturing spatial restructuring and its urban-rural spatial structure response under the reform of economic institution. And then, taking Wuxi city as a case study, the characteristic and mechanism of manufacturing spatial restructuring are tried to be revealed by analyzing the location changes of manufacturing enterprises from different spatial scales. Finally, through the analysis of the response process of urban-rural space to the structural adjustment of government power and diversified agents of manufacturing investment, this study tries to explore the macro and micro mechanism of urban-rural spatial structure evolution under the reform of economic institution. The optimization countermeasures of urban-rural spatial structure based on manufacturing spatial distribution has also been put forward in this study.The main research contents and conclusions are listed as following:(1) On the basis of spatial enterprise-level datasets for 1985,2004 and 2013, through spatial analysis, this study analyzes the intra-urban spatial shift of manufacturing, identifies the location discrepancies. Along with the market economic institution gradually well established, a distinctive decentralization and suburbanization trend of manufacturing in Wuxi is found. However, location discrepancies also show among enterprises of different ownership types. The state-owned enterprises were initially concentrated in the Central Area, then gradually scattered in the national-level development zone in the Suburbs. The collectively-owned enterprises are relocated to the town and village industrial parks. A trend of concentration in the Central Area and Inner Suburb is observed in the location behavior of joint-stock enterprises. Privately-owned enterprises are mainly scattered in the suburbs, while the foreign-invested enterprises are significantly concentrated in the national-level development zone.(2) Through Poisson and Negative Binomial Distribution Model, the underlying institutional forces behind the intra-urban spatial shift of manufacturing and geographical differentiations are examined. The unique spatial distribution of manufacturing in Wuxi is shaped by market as well as local government during the reform of economic institution. Specifically, land price and the establishment of development zone are more important than locational accessibility. The distribution of manufacturing by ownership exhibits distinctive spatial patterns, which is characterized by a historically based, market-led, and institutionally created spatial variation.(3) Based on the analysis of the response process of urban spatial expansion to the structural adjustment of governmental power, this study tries to analyze the macro response process of urban-rural space to the functional transition of government under the reform of economic institution. The results show that:firstly, in order to promote the investment, the land development and construction of development zone are the important embodiments of the transition of local government power since the decentralization, which plays a significant role in promoting the rapid expansion of urban space. The expansion process of Wuxi urban construction land has experienced three stages:form balanced slow expansion, to anisotropic rapid expansion, and to anisotropic acceleratory expansion. The spatial expansion mode is given priority to the outlying and edge expansion mode in the early stage. Since 2001, the mode has gradually been replaced by edge and infilling expansion mode. The intensity, direction and mode of the urban spatial expansion in Wuxi appear significant correlation to the spatial policy adjustment of industry.(4) Based on the analysis of the response process of the evolution of urban-rural regional structure to the diversification of manufacturing investment structure, this study tries to analyze the micro response process of urban-rural space to the manufacturing spatial restructuring under the reform of economic institution. Through the selection of investment structure variables and regional structure variables, ownership structure of investment and the boundary of urban-rural space are proved suitable for representing economic institution and spatial structure respectively. And then, an Impulse Response Function (IRF) in Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) is constructed to reveal the response relationship of urban-rural regional structure and manufacturing investment variables. Variance Decomposition (VD) is also adopted to further analyze the contribution of manufacturing investment variables to urban-rural regional structure evolution. In this paper, great conformance characteristic between urban-rural regional structure evolution and manufacuting investment diversification could be found in Wuxi during 1978-2010. The evolutionary process from urban-suburban-rural structure to urban-rural integration structure shows a response to the manufacturing investment diversification process from a planned economy to a socialist market economy. Experiment results show that the urban-rural transition area appears as the most dynamic area responding to the economic institutional variables in the urban-rural regional structure. Moreover, the response relationship between each part of the urban-rural regional structure and the investment of privately-owned enterprises is characterized by high intension reponse which sustained for a long time. While the expansion of urban built-up area presents a rapid and negative response to the investment of state-owned enterprises and the increase of rural construction land mainly responses to the investment of collectively-owned enterprises. Finally, with the influence of institution, the initial development status of urban built-up area and rural area still dominate their evolution tendency for a long time, while the evolution tendency of urban-rural transition area could be changed quickly due to the changes of investment of enterprises.(5) The analysis of the process of urban-rural spatial response in Wuxi New District shows:firstly, the developmental policy of Wuxi New District issued by central and local governments is a vital driving force for the urban-rural spatial response. Secondly, the rapid increase of foreign investment prompts Wuxi New District transform from a suburban industrial development zone with single function to a comprehensive new town with living facilities, complete supporting services. And the land use structure changed rapidly accordingly. Finally, currently there exist four classes including local residents, migrant workers, introduced talents and foreigners in Wuxi New District. And the community of each class varies significantly.The innovation of this paper mainly includes:(1) By taking "economic institution--the agents and spatial production-spatial results" as the main line, this study builds a theoretical framework for manufacturing spatial restructuring and its urban-rural spatial structure response under the reform of economic institution.(2) This study reveals the logical relationship and influential mechanism through the analysis of the reform of economic institution and manufacturing spatial restructuring process of different ownership.(3) This study reveals the response process of urban-rural spatial structure to manufacturing spatial restructuring, through analyzing the response status of urban-rural regional structure to the changes of manufacturing investment.
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