Research On The Availability Of Agricultural Production Factors And Its’ Impact On Farming Income Of Rural Households

Most researches on the economy of rural households mainly explores the optimal allocation of productive factors and the maximization of profits by making established disposable agrarian factors as a prerequisite, especially the land element. However, they seldom relate to the existing type, quality, quantity, the use of period, sources and methods of acquiring of the established disposable agrarian productive factors. But in fact, in order to acquire the disposition right of the productive factors farmers need to pay certain price and experience certain processes such as endowments, institution, social and economic conditions and self-ability. Farmers who engaged in the production and operation of agricultural need many kinds of agricultural production factors which must match to each other and make it each other possible, especially the land, labor, capital, technology. Although these elements have certain alternative relationship, they cannot replace each other because they have different effect on the production and operation, sources and influence factors. Every element has a problem of availability, and it will play an important role in factors allocation efficiency and agricultural income. Tracing the source, farmers getting production factors effectively is an important prerequisite for revenue increase. With the rapid development of China’s industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural labor force transfer to the non-agricultural industries and many rural people move to cities and towns. Therefore, the rural population and labor are decreasing year by year, the tense relationship between supply and demand of rural agricultural production elements gradually eased, which provides farmers with variable conditions to dispose agricultural production elements, and the opportunity of improving the availability of agricultural production elements has arrived. In the new situation, research on the availability of agricultural production factors and its decisive effect on farm income decisive is of great theoretical and practical significance.Through analytic methods of logic, theory and empirical model analysis, this dissertation with the production factors demands rural households as the research object studies the availability of agrarian production elements of farmers determinations and the mechanism of their influences on agricultural income on the realistic basis of the distinction between whether there is a demand of agricultural production factors of the two types of farmers and theoretical basis of Peasant Household Economy theory, Availability Fundamentals and Neo-classic economic theories. The science question of this thesis is:what factors decide and affect the agricultural production factors of farmers and how the determine and effect influnce the tural households’ agricultural income. Toward this end, the following questions will guide the analysis:(ⅰ) How to define the availability of agricultural production factors; (ⅱ) how to evaluate the availability; (ⅲ) what are the critical determinations on the availability; (ⅳ) how the availability of agricultural production factors affects farming income and to what extent.Ⅰ. The main contents of this thesis includes:(ⅰ) Research on the measurement and evaluation of the accessibility of agricultural production factors. Based on the conceptual contents, this research developed theoretical methods for measuring and evaluating the accessibility of agricultural production factors. Adopting investigation data, this dissertation analyses the supply of production factors and its impact on the accessibility of the production factors from the rural household perspective. To this end, the dissertation evaluates and conclude the significant effects of the accessibility of agricultural production factors have on the agrarian income.(ⅱ) Research on the influential factors to the availability of agricultural production factors. Based on the forming mechanism for the availability of agricultural production factors, this dissertation analyzes the restraining factors to the accessibility and try to develop a comprehensive approach to improve the accessibility. The dissertation studies the determining mechanism and builds an empirical econometric model to verify it from aspects of resource endowment, geological condition, markets and farmers’capacity.(ⅲ) Research on the decisive effects of agricultural production factors. With an analysis on the effective path that how production factors availability works on farming income, the dissertation discusses the invisible mechanism within, as well as the industry selection, input decision and transformation of production mode. It also encompasses the academic theme to verify the mechanism adopting empirical approach and model.(ⅳ) Research on the output effect. Based on the working mechanism, the dissertation looks into the impact on the productive output rationale, and analyzes the investment scale, output elasticity and total factor productivity with an empirical model.(ⅴ) Research on the cost effect. The dissertation investigates the working principle for the production cost, including access cost, utilization cost and producing cost.Finally it also testifies the effect with an empirical model.(ⅵ) Empirical study on the availability of agricultural production factors contributing to the farming income. On the ground of the preceding part and investigated data from different developed level of agricultural production areas, the dissertation develops models to test the influencing of production factors availability to farming income from the variation trend as well as the income intensity.II.The mian conclusions of this thesis includes:(i) On the significant improved conditions in element obtaining, the accessibility level of agricultural production factors of country is generally low and it the differences among regions and industrial output are obvious. Because of the particularity of agricultural production and operation, the result and process, quantity and quality (type) of agricultural production elements obtaining, matching degree, demand satisfaction degree are all very important, only fully include the above aspects, can the measurement of agricultural production elements availability is complete. Through the comprehensive measure of fuzzy TOPSIS model-an improved entropy method, agricultural production factors of our availability level is generally low, and according to the parameters of Kernel, the low level generally showed polarization. In addition, among different elements and terrain, different degree of Economic Development, and different industries and there are obvious differences.(ii) Agricultural production factor availability is the result of the comprehensive effect of resource endowment and geographic conditions, system, market and farmers’ ability factors. Farmers need different kinds of agricultural production factors through the multi subject, multi link, and multi channels. Only with the smooth access, supply and matching demand, the main transmission link interruption, transfer the poor channels are on the agricultural production factors restricting the availability of formation, thus resource endowment and geographic conditions, system, market and farmers become the key factors restricting the ability of the corresponding. The resource endowment of the absolute and relative resource endowment, the community geographical condition in location and terrain conditions, institutional factors in the formal and informal institutions, the market in the formal and informal market, farmers in the capacity of production capabilities and social capital are different degree influence agricultural production elements availability, and the latter effect is often greater than the former one.(iii) Agricultural production elements conduct the influence of farmers on the disposable elements of agricultural production condition and decide the expected return, which may weigh the risks, cost affordability and significant production and management decision-making decision effect. Agricultural production elements availability through the element type, quality, quantity, can use the term satisfaction degree and acquisition cost, access channels, the difficulty in obtaining and matching degree which decides farmer optional industry field. How much size category and level, influence elements can be put into the status of farmers and agricultural investment expected return, risk and cost and the final decision on the level of agricultural production input will, level, structure, basic conditions, effects of transformation of production mode of operation of the farmers expected return, risk and cost affordability and the final decision on the production mode of operation transformation will, step selection and comprehensive.(iv) Agricultural production factors results in the influence of peasant household disposable elements of agricultural production condition and its determining factors scale, factor elasticity, total factor productivity and has significant output decision effect. Agricultural production elements to obtain the results of availability, accessibility influence production scale effect through the number of elements of the play, the final decision of farmers agricultural output level production; through the element type, quality and quantity of available output elasticity of various factors affecting farmers, finally decided to farmers and output efficiency factor; by the number of land, labor, capital elements can quality, matching, acquisition cost and technical elements availability affect farmers’ technical progress, technical efficiency level degree, allocation efficiency, scale efficiency, and ultimately determine its agricultural production and the total factor productivity,(v) Agricultural production factors results in the influence of peasant household disposable agricultural production factors and determinants of acquisition cost, use cost, material cost and has obvious cost decision effect. Agricultural production elements result of availability, access to quality and quantity, the unit price can be elements of agricultural products to obtain price, transaction cost and to obtain the amount gets through the elements, elements of the final decision of its unit of agricultural product acquisition costs; by element type, quality and quantity of available elements have influenced the unit agricultural products use cost, supporting the use of cost and management cost, cost factors ultimately determine its units use of agricultural products; to influence its unit of agricultural products price, transaction cost, material acquisition, use, consumption quantity cost management cost through quality and quantity factors, consumption cost determines the unit of agricultural product material.Taking the changeable agricultural production factors as the logical start, setting the low income of rural household agricultural and the difficult of increase famers’ income as the realistic background, this dissertation constructs farmer’s production elements availability decision model, production management decision model rural household production factors, production and management decision-making model, output decision model, cost decision model, and income decision model. Depending on the micro survey data, we do some empirical analysis, and in-depth inspect the decision mechanism of agricultural and its impact on the agricultural income. (vi) Agricultural production elements availability significantly influenced the agricultural income of rural households. Agricultural production elements availability of rural househoids characterized by type, quality, quantity, price, deadline, can be used to obtain access, the difficulty in obtaining and matching, through to the way of agricultural production and operation decision-making, production scale, the cost of production and business operation decision effect, influence the choice of the agricultural industry and the transformation of mode of production, the production and business operation scale and efficiency, the factors of production cost and material cost which ultimately affect agricultural income of rural households. Validating analysis shows that Partial agricultural production elements of comprehensive availability and the various elements of the availability of the agricultural income are significant, but different agricultural income of farmers affected by agricultural production elements can exist obvious differences of impact strength.Ⅲ. The possible innovations of this thesis include:(i) This thesis expands the research field on agricultural income increase and improves the operability of the research on availability by tracing the decisive root of rural households’ agricultural income, which is called the availability of agricultural production. Based on the fact that existing researches on rural household’s agricultural income decision, pay limited attention to conditions and the obtaining process of disposable production factors that the rural household possess, this dissertation, according to the variability premise of agricultural production factors, analyzes the availability issue of agricultural production factors, reveals the mechanism of agricultural production factors on agricultural income, and expands traditional economics field on rural households In addition, by taking the rural households as the micro economic unit, this dissertation overcomes the deficiency of existing research that only evaluates the problems of "to have or not "," how much" or "the satisfaction degree of the amount demanded" to describe the availability problems. It uses entropy method-modified fuzzy TOPSIS model based on a large number of microscopic investigation data to measure the availability of agricultural production factors, improving the operability of the research on availability,(ii) This dissertation discusses the influence mechanism of agricultural production factors availability on production and management decision-making, output and cost. The study based on the theoretical model of rural households agricultural income decision, analyzes the functional paths of agricultural production factors availability on the rural household agricultural income, extracts the influence mechanism of agricultural production factors availability on rural household agricultural income from the angles of production management decision-making, and output and cost, and examines the scientific nature of this conclusions by positive research. This dissertation adds to the previous studies which just verify the quantitative relation, and provides both theoretical and practical basis for promoting agricultural income through the availability growth of agricultural production factors.(iii) Using methods of ordinary quantile regression (QR) and censored quantile regression (CQR) this dissertation finds that agricultural production factors availability gives positive return to rural residents’agricultural income growth, which functions better with increased income level. The availability of agricultural production factors reflects not only the types, the quality, the quantity and the satisfaction degree of the land, labor, capital and technology, but also the term, cost, normalization level of the acquisition channel and difficulties of obtaining them.