| Based on a great deal of documents about Fujian small hydropower industry from1949to1965, and through using theories and methods of history, geography, geology, hydrology, environments science, agronomy, forestry, hydropower engineering, this paper has systematically and roundly discussed the first construction upsurge of small hydropower industry in Fujian province, including its historical source, time background, process and influence on the development of Fujian rural social and economy.From1949to1965, an unperceived construction upsurge of small hydropower happened in Fujian province. In just17years after the PRC founded, a great number of small hydropower stations had been built all over the province and severed people in rural areas not only for agricultural producing, but also for daily life. This construction upsurge of small hydropower deeply changed the face of rural areas in Fujian province, and established a new north-south distribution pattern in Fujian small hydropower industry. Besides, Fujian province among the forefront of the domestic small hydropower industry because of this, which be thought as one of the most important achievements in Fujian social and economic history since the PRC founded. Through researching this history, the paper reaches three conclusions:firstly, as the forerunner, the hydropower industry in ROC should be gave more attention because of its heritage including investigation materials, technology experience, and talent team and management model. Secondly, it is necessary to make clear that the construction upsurge of hydropower industry has been constituted by three stages which covered recovery, upsurge and adjustment. Lastly, the achievements and lessons left by this history also proved the importance and necessity of insisting the policy that the constructors are the owners and managers of the small hydropower, in the mean time, the government also need to provide scientifically plan and guide.
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