| This article review on research topics of that the type and value assessment about ecosystem services, andthe influence of human behavior to the ecosystem service value, and consumption of ecosystem goods andservices at home and abroad. At the same time author carry out literature analysis on environmental impactfrom tourism. After the research topics and ideas be established, on the basis of sufficient investigation andresearch on the conditions of natural geography and social economic in the studied area, the article carry onthe empirical research of ecosystem service from the aspects of supply and consumption that depend on theassessment model of value of ecosystem services and consumption of ecosystem services to the Big KanasTourism Area that develop tourism in core of nature reserve.The article adopt methods that remote sensinginterpretation of the image data and investigation of tourism development and interviews of residents on thespot.There were main research findings as follows.(1) Based on human demand the study established the index framework ecosystem services valueevaluation and assessed its value. The article studied and analyzed the structure characteristics of ecologicalsystem and kinds of ecosystem services provided by the various integration on forest, grassland, glacial lakes,rivers, urban villages, desert in the Big Kanas Tourism Area. Based on conformity of human needs the studyput forward the classification system of ecosystem services. Author get the land-use type data of research areaas a whole and the main tourist area by means of remote sensing, and then evaluated the value of ecosystemservices as a whole and the main tourist area in the study area using Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem ServiceValue Equivalent Factor. The results reveal that the study area as a whole and the main tourist area theecosystem service value totaled RMB7.7123E+10and1.1812E+10respectively on the study area in2009. Inthe ecosystem services value the types of material products production services value accounted for9.05%and9.36%respectively, the ecological security maintenance service value accounted for83.31%and83.05%respectively, the service value of landscape culture accounted for7.64%and7.64%respectively. Provideservices of different ecological system of forest ecological service value of the total service value were50.94%and57.69%respectively; grassland ecosystem services value of total service value were43.03%and36.14%respectively; lakes and rivers ecosystem services value of total service value were5.04%and5.86%respectively; desert ecosystem services value of total service value were1.00%and0.30%respectively. Incomparison, per unit area ecosystem service value main tourist area is greater than the total area.(2) The study established measurement indicators research framework of ecosystem services consumptionon residents and calculated its consumption. Based on the research of residents composition and activitycharacteristics in the study area, the chapter carry out the research of consumption of ecosystem services andits characteristics on the local residents using statistical data. Results show that the study area in2010residents overall ecosystem services consumed4.36E+19sej, in which the villagers production proportion ofconsumption of ecosystem services is the largest, accounting for68.2%of the total consumption. From thepoint of composition, residents consumption of material products type of ecosystem services proportion is thelargest, reached80.77%of the total consumption level. In which types of material products the level ofconsumption of production means is highest, consumption of atmosphere safety service accounts for a largeproportion in the ecological safety maintenance services. Villagers’ life consumption is the highest level of90.67%in three kinds of people in the study area. Food consumption level is the highest in different project life consumption, accounting for39.70%of the total consumption.(3) The study established measurement indicators research framework of ecosystem services consumptionon visitors and calculated its consumption.The chapter carried out analysis visitors consumption of ecosystem services for seven class activities offood, accommodation, transportation, traveling, shopping, entertainment, waste disposal, and measured touristconsumption of ecosystem services in2010using survey analysis data of tourism transportation,infrastructure and reception facilities.The result show visitors consumption of ecosystem services amount to2.54E+19sej in2010. Look from the consumption structure, the highest visitors consumption of ecosystemservices is catering, accounting for46.48%of the total consumption,followed by the consumption level ofrecreational activity, accounting for27.76%of the total consumption. Waste consumption accounted for9.84%of total consumption. Observe from the type, the tourist consumption of material product types ofecosystem services of the proportion is the largest, accounting for44.52%of total consumption, in such thisservice food consumption accounted for the largest. Ecological security maintenance class consumption ofecosystem services accounted for27.72%of the proportion of the total, in such this service the absorption ofCO2fixation and waste handling accounts for a large proportion.(4)Analysis of the load capacity of the ecological system in the study area. Using relevant data index thearticle discussed on the ecological system load conditions for study area by means of comparing. Resultsshow that the main tourist area ecosystem service load capacity coefficient is15.53in2010, showed that theecosystem services is surplus in this region. Per capita consumption of ecosystem services tourists is2.64times that of the villagers, shows that effects of per unit time on ecosystem services in regional touristindividual is greater. During tourist season consumption of ecosystem services total to4.77e+19sej in thestudy area, is1.93times which the overall consumption of the tourist season during.(5) Study on relationship to the villagers livelihood and their consumption of ecosystem services in thestudy area.The section clarified the villagers’ livelihood capital, livelihood strategy characteristics and discussedproduction and life consumption of ecosystem services of the villagers under the condition of differentlivelihood strategies, livelihood capital levels, different space and type with data combination of survey thevillagers consumption and the livelihood problems.Analysis results which investigation of villagers’ livelihood capital and livelihood strategies show that theoverall level of the villagers’ livelihood capital value in the study area is0.249, lower than0.5in the middle ofthe state, the indicators in the only human capital index is higher than0.5, the other four types of parametervalues are less than0.5, which had the lowest levels in five categories of capital, material capital and in a stateof low levels of natural capital. On the basis of condition analysis of income and labor input villagers’livelihood strategies can be divided into to participate in the tourism industry, animal husbandry, animalhusbandry and delelopment type of tourism, the other four types of farming and animal husbandry type.Aspect in analysis to characteristics and correlation relation of the villagers’ total ecosystem services and theconsumption of production and life on different livelihood strategies and livelihood capital levels, differentspace and type, the results show that the villagers of village family overall consumption situation lifeproportion in the total consumption of ecosystem services; villagers spatial distribution factors had nosignificant effect on its ecological consumption, and the villagers type is the influencing factors of theconsumption of ecosystem services; villagers’ livelihood capital type variable to the family consumption ofthree kinds of ecosystem services has influence, two variables near to linear relationship; villagers’ livelihoodstrategy variables are factors that affect the family consumption of ecosystem services, the livelihoodstrategies of villagers’ production had the greatest influence the consumption of ecosystem services, but twovariables linear relationship is not obvious.Research results of production and life of the villagers family consumption of ecosystem services showed that the villagers types have an effect on the hay and waterproduction consumption, have little effects on productive consumption level in villagers spatial distribution.Villagers’ livelihood capital and livelihoods strategy type is affected factors to villagers hay and water theconsumption.Different types of the villagers affect to all the kinds of life consumption project of ecosystemservices, but no significant linear relationship.The space distribution features is not significant influence onlife consumption of ecosystem services. Different type to Villagers’ livelihood capital and livelihoods strategyare significant influence on life consumption of ecosystem services, the influence degree of the type oflivelihood capital is larger, but the fit of the linear relationship of two classes of the independent variable anddependent variable.(6) Propose management measures reasonable consumption of regional ecosystem services wheredeveloping tourism in nature reserve as the core. On the foundation of former research analysis, the sectionexplored the management path to reasonable consumption of ecosystem services from the residents’environmental awareness, tourism infrastructure construction, the villagers’ livelihood improvement, visitormanagement in the study area.
|
PDF Full Text Request