Ecosystem Services Value Assessment In Typical Mountainous Area At County Level

The services of ecosystem are critical to human existence and prosperity.Ecosystem services value has been one of the hottest issues in the field of ecology.Ecosystem services and land-use interacting with each other comprise a unified system of contradictions. Land-use change will result in consequent changes of the area of different ecosystems, changes of types and levels of different ecosystem services, and changes of the value of regional ecosystem services. With the economic rapid development, land-use intensity is increasing. Unreasonable land use lead to the loss of ecosystem services. It will ultimately affect the well-being of humanity.At present, studies on the ecosystem services are mainly in the area of large-scale.Comparably speaking, studies on small- scale areas are not common. More methods of assessment are directly applied or corrected the ecosystem service value coefficient formulated by Costanza and Xie Gaodi et al. But most of the correction coefficient stay on ecological factors and socio-economic factors, and less to consider the topographic factor and illumination factor correction. The study on the spatial optimization of land use is ignored.This article takes Qixia City as a case which located in Jiaodong peninsular(typical for mountains and hills). The development and application of GIS technology provides techno-support for researching on the analysis of spatial variation and quantification of terrain, illumination, land-use, etc. The paper quantitatively calculated and evaluated ecosystem service value of Qixia City using the evaluation model suitable for Qixia City's ecosystem services value which was revised by soil erosion degree and annual sunshine hours from Xie Gaodi's, and analyzed its variation characteristics from space and time scales. The paper also build the typical mountainous area county ecosystem service value coefficient table and ecosystem service value assessment model. It is necessary for the small-scale in the county level to search for the correlations between land-use change and change in the value ofecosystem services. The search also quantificationally guide the susstainable use of regional land resources, and is important for land-use policy making and for the optimization of land-use structure.(1) In the period of 1987 to 2010, ecosystem services value of Qixia City increased from 87.38 billion yuan to 98.45 billion yuan, the total value of ecosystem services increased by 11.08 billion yuan. Mainly because of the higher value of the ecological security maintenance functions, the highest proportion of ESV is ecological security maintenance functions. The value of material product function service value is second highest ESV proportion. The value of entertainment culture and its proportion of the total value are both less than other types of ecosystem services value.(2) The structure of Qixia City ecosystem service value was stable. Ecosystem service value of Shewopo Town and Taocun Town accounted for the proportion of total value in the study area was higher than other towns, both accounted for23.31%-24.66%. The change rate of each township ecosystem service value of Qixia City existed obvious spatial differentiation characteristics and presented the distribution pattern of southwest high and northeast low. The total value of Zangjiazhuang Town, Guandao Town and development zone were on the decline, the rest towns' value were on the rise. From the quantity change of villages and towns with different levels of ecosystem services, we can get to know that the number of general-level villages and towns increased from 3 to 6, the number of high-level villages and towns decreased from 3 to 1. The differences between each township ecosystem services value showed a trend of decrease. In the period of 1987 to 2010,the first kind of change area of ecosystem service value of Qixia City was mainly distributed in northwest and east mountainous area, it shows that the ecological environment in the northwest and east mountainous area of Qixia City had been improved. The area of the third kind of change area was the smallest. The area of the fourth type of change area was the biggest, the fourth type of change area was mainly distributed in the built-up areas of the towns. It illustrates that the ecological environment quality of the built-up areas of the towns was declined,mainly due to the impact of urban expansion and other human activities.(3) The distribution of different land use types of terrain index in Qixia city is complicated, construction land,water and garden mainly concentrated in the lowposition area, cultivated land and forest mainly concentrated in the low and middle position area, grassland mainly distributed in the middle and high terrain.