Research Of Regional Distribution, Changing Trend And Impact Of Rural Public Goods Investment In China

In order to balance urban-rural and regional development, realize the goal of socialism new countryside construction, and build a harmonious society. What’s more, it is necessray for China’s rural sustainable, rapid and healthy development. Realizing above goals largely depends on the improvement of the rural public services and infrastructures. Therefore, the aim of this essay, which is based on a nationally representative sample survey, is to clarify the present situation and regional distribution differences of rural public investment, analyze the dynamic changing trend of China’s rural public investment, and scientificly assess the actual impact on the farmers’ life. It is demanding to provide some decision references to cultivate and develop the rural public service system, balance urban-rural and regional development, promote the new rural construction, solve "three rural" issue and realize the goal of building a harmonious society in the future.After literature review and research design, this essay, first of all, use nationally representative sampling data including 5 provinces,25 counties,50 towns 101 villages to describe the investment status quo of village-level public goods in rural areas in China as well as the regional distribution, including the rural public investment scale, the distribution characteristics and regional difference, etc. Results show that in recent years China has carried out lots of rural public goods investment, which mainly cover public goods, including roads, irrigation, drinking water, electric power facilities and environmental protection and so on. Village-level organizations have played an irreplaceable role in the public goods investment, while the upper government tends to invest more in poor areas and environmentally sensitive areas. This investment strategy is coordinating to regional economic development, and narrowing the gap between rich and poor areas, while rich rural rely mainly on self-raised project to provide the necessary public goods. It should be said that China’s investment strategy in rural public goods is positive, but also far away from meeting the demand of the further development. The government should continue persisting and increasing investments, and helping poor areas and environmental sensitive areas to sustainably develop. The main purpose of China’s rural public investment has changed to improve the quality of life, increase farmers’ income and environment protection.Then, this essay extends the time span. Based on important rural development policy changes, the sample village long-term tracking investigation panel data is divided into three parts, which respectively are before the reform of taxes and fees (1998-2001), the tax and fee reform period (2002-2005) and new rural construction period (2006-2011). Through detailed analysis of the three periods, this essay combs the dynamic changing process of rural public goods investment in China, including the temporal characteristics, structure characteristics and the whole changes, and then analyzes the main impact factors of public investment in rural China. This essay found that China’s rural public investment strategy is relatively reasonable, shows mutual advantage of decentralized and centralized, and properly considers different demands and fairness through special projects from the government. The government invests more at village level into ethnic minority areas, remote areas, densely populated areas, more industrial and commercial activities areas and less per capita land areas, which help to balance further coordinating development of regional economy, and narrow the gap between rich and poor areas. But at the same time, there are some informal social relationships need to be paid attention. In addition, after the reform of taxes and fees, the number of rural public goods supply is the fastest growing in new housing projects, but reducing in ecological environment projects and schools and clinics projects, which means the investment proportion is not harmonious, and needs to be paid attention. In general, China’s rural public goods investment strategy is conducive to the construction of new socialist countryside in China, but still need further intensify and depth.After regional distribution (horizontal) analysis and changing trend (longitudinal) analysis, this essay takes the rural old-age security service as the breakthrough point, to build an analysis model to validate the impact on family behavior and welfare from New Rural Pension System (NRPS). Results are as follows:in the process of NRPS pilot policy, there are still people don’t understand the policy and implementation method, which leads to information asymmetry and adverse selection problems. The ratio of attending NRPS is not high, and there is large space of ascension What’s more, the attending ratio of poor households and migrants is even lower, which needs to be focused on. In addition, NRPS policy also significantly improves the farmer’s family daily expense. The spending of attending NRPS and government subsidies for pension will replace their precautionary savings, and the leverage is more obvious, which means less spending on social security will replace more precautionary savings, and significantly promote rural household consumption. Government also needs to increase the NRPS policy propaganda, improve the standard of pension level through appropriate rewards and incentives, focus on poor people’s, and encourage poor people to attend NRPS through the proper local government subsidies.At last, this essay proposed some references to improve the efficiency of rural public goods investment policy from five aspects: build diversified main body to improve rural public goods investment structure; demand oriented establish a bottom-up rural public goods investment decision-making mechanism; pay attention to fairness and focus to improve the rural public goods investment layout; varieties of ways and channels, rich the financing source of rural public goods investment; dynamic operation management, optimize the management mode of rural public goods investment.