Livelihoods, Institutional And Evolution Of The Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization

This paper takes Y county Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization as a case, to use the integration of the organization rational perspective, the natural perspective and open system perspective,through the panoramic display and detailed classification that the poverty reduction cooperation organization from constructed to "the separation",focusing on the mutual construction among the livelihood of farmers, the institutional environment (informal institutions and formal institution environment) and Poverty reduction Cooperation Organization, to explain the core function and the evolution influence factor of the Poverty reduction Cooperation Organization, in order to respond the major theoretical and practical issues that "the organization of Poverty reduction Cooperation".From the interaction relationship between farmers’livelihood and poverty reduction cooperation organization, different from the means of livelihood in closed agriculture and rural about traditional small-scale,under the background of marketization, industrialization,with the society of livelihood,the small farmer gradually divided into pure farmers, farmers both engage agriculture and others and farmers not engage agriculture. Despite the poverty reduction cooperation can increase the farmers’ social capital and financial capital, help them get rid of poverty and have corresponded the need of livelihood development of some low to middle-income farmers, However, along with the gradual expansion of income gap between the traditional agricultural mutual cooperation and non-agriculture employment,farmers,especially poor farmers tend to choose the non-farm livelihoods which with low risk and also can ease the pressure of currency risk therewith the atrophy of industry cooperation. At the same time, under the pressure of currency expenditure,the livelihood of low to middle-income pure farmers, farmers both engage agriculture and others Internal contains the alienated orientation of the loans from cooperative organization.The farmers with better resources endowment which have more investment opportunities and demand for funds eventually captured the loans of Poverty reduction Cooperation Organization-it is the capture saved Poverty reduction Cooperation Organization,and injected vitality for its sustainable development.In this sense, "the separation" is the inevitable result of Poverty reduction Cooperation Organization to subsist and development.From the interaction between informal institutions and the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization, the market’s advance, the changes in the relationship between urban and rural areas made a huge impact on rural society, the community association of village was gradually declining. The establishment of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization helps to improve the community association of village, mainly as follows:to promote community cooperation and mutual assistance networks with the idea of institutionalizing poverty, promote community education and public cultural activities and other aspects of governance structure optimization village. However, the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization institutional arrangements there are insufficient incentives for managers, lack of monitoring mechanisms and other defects. With the increased mobility of the rural population in recent years, inter-generation heterogeneous enhancement and replacement occurs, the trust relationship between the villagers gradually is shrinking to direct blood relatives, interpersonal increasing rationalization and community memories faded. As a result, The declining of the community association of village reconstructed the institutional arrangements of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization, boosting the phenomenon of " base large loans ", managers hunt profit from the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization and low participation of members.From the formal institutional environment for construction of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization, the formal institutional environment faced by the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization including government, social organizations and institutional structures related macroeconomic factors. Due to resource-dependent asymmetry between the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization and the formal institutional environment, the two sides were "non-hierarchical nature of centralization" relationship. Specifically, the relationship between government and the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization under the Pressure System, the (present on the objective necessity) expand of the autonomy of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization space contains certain financial risks associated with such financial risks and rural social stability, so that local governments encounter political pressure constraints. Under the Political pressure, the local government emphasis on the rights of constraints in their own interests to maintain social stability. The local government use administrative means to control operation of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization, depriving farmers’ participation, cooperation, exacerbating the "Name real separation" of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization. Different relationship with the government under the Political pressurized system, under the background of the socialization livelihood of the peasant, the inevitability of social organization is trying to operate a social enterprise cooperative mechanism introduced to run into the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization, which made the relationship between social organization and the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization showing the operation trend of corporatization, but society organizations faced the environment of lack of resources, human resources and other difficulties, the effect of the restructuring of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization will take practice tests.Research draw three basic conclusions:First, the core function of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization is to increase or optimize farmers’ livelihood capital stock; Second, socialization of the means of livelihood is the fundamental forces to promote Poverty Reduction Cooperation Organization transmutation; Third, the institutional environment (community association of the villages and non-bureaucratic centralization relationships) is an important force which shaping the Poverty Reduction Cooperation organization.Finally, this study re-identification the classical principles of cooperation, in response to the question on "organizational form of the Poverty Reduction Cooperation", namely that there is a big tension between the essence of the classic principles of cooperation provision of "self-service, democratic control" and the livelihood of peasant and the institutional environment. The Outstanding performance of this tension is that the classic principles of cooperation neglect the characteristics of competition and profit. In theory, the operating mechanism of cooperative social enterprises fit the interests of peasant and institutional environment, which can digest the tension between the classic principles of cooperation and the peasant livelihood and the institutional environment.However, the specific practice form of cooperative social enterprise has yet to discuss.