Research On Poverty Reduction By Forestry In Zhangjiakou-Chengde Region Based On The Framework Of Sustainable Livelihoods

Poverty reduction is a major problem related to the overall situation of building a well-off society, rural poverty reduction has been a hot topic in academic world. Especially with the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was promoted to major national strategy, the issue of poverty belt around Beijing has become the focus. Zhangjiakou-Chengde region as contiguous focus areas around Beijing, which include 14 counties that were classified as contiguous focus destitute areas of Yanshan-Taihang Mountain. However, Zhangjiakou-Chengde region are typical fragile area of ecology, as ecological barrier of Beijing and Tianjin, its industrial development is limited. As marginal benefit of poverty reduction which brought by economic growth is diminishing, the sustainable path of ecological poverty reduction is the first choice of relieving the contradictions between ecology and farmers’ livelihoods. Forestry is the important departments of national economy and bear not only the responsibility of national ecological construction but also the task of forest products supply. Zhangjiakou-Chengde region have implemented Three-North Shelterbelt Program, Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project, Grain for Green Project etc. in succession. Forestry has recently developed quickly and brought remarkable benefits of ecology. However, the difficulty lies in how to guarantee the ecological benefits on the basis of poverty reduction, which is also the key to realize long-term mechanism of ecological benefit. Therefore, the research about poverty reduction by forestry is indispensable and significant. In addition, our country government has been committed to poverty reduction and the construction of ecological civilization, this paper studies appropriate to the theme of the times.In this paper, the emphasis on three aspects, which is also the innovation of striving for. One is to explore the mechanism about poverty reduction by forestry and the modes about poverty reduction. Second, on the sample of Fengning County, the paper survey and analyze the farmers livelihood capital base on Sustainable Livelihoods Framework which was proposed by the UK Department For International Development. And the paper not only compare farmers’ livelihood capital between farmers who owned woodland and farmers who have no woodland, but also summarize the farmers’ subjective evaluation. Based on the empirical analysis, the three is to analyze the institutional obstacles of poverty reduction of forestry, and put forward the corresponding suggestion.The research of this paper shows that:(1) the forestry development situation of Zhangjiakou-Chengde area is better. There are five ways of poverty reduction. There are revenue of forest products production and sales, income of forestry labor, income of forestry ecological compensation, land rental income, income of forestry derivatives. And it can achieve the goals of poverty reduction through government and forestry enterprises and farmers. The poverty reduction models adapt to Zhangjiakou-Chengde area can be summarized as four aspects. There are mode of production and processing of forest products, economic mode of forest cultivation, forest tourism mode, mode of forest biomass energy.(2)In the sample area of Chengde, the research has revealed that the farmers’ livelihood capital is fragile on the whole. It Specifically demonstrates the remarkable characteristics:lack of farmers livelihood capital; limit of the livelihood strategy and the ability to resist the risk. It belong to the relatively poorer area, and the impact of forestry on the local is not significant.(3) poverty reduction by forestry is still faced with a lot of obstacles including lag of forestry system reform and ecological compensation system, restriction of cutting timber quotas system, low degree of forestry industrialization, the absence of social service system of forestry, the insufficient of development of follow-up industry about Grain for Green Project and self-development capacity of farmer. So this paper puts forward suggestion from institution, industry, farmer.