The Research On The Development Mechanism Of Low-Carbon Agriculture In China——Based On Specialized Cooperative Organizations Of Farmers

Global warming that was led by the emission of greenhouse gas is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Agriculture, as the second-biggest sources, has an inescapable responsibility for the warming climate. China is a great agricultural country and its agricultural production is highly dependent on pesticides, fertilizers and other petrochemical products. China loom larger in soil, air, water and other agricultural area-source pollution arising from petrochemical products, and Chinese agriculture badly needs a development mode that is low pollution and low-carbon emissions. In the system of low-carbon agriculture, greenhouse gas emissions can be cut by about 80 percent from agricultural carbon sink, which also necessitates the development of low-carbon agriculture. However, agriculture is mainly based the family as a small unit, the operating methods seriously restricts the development of low-carbon agriculture. Specialized cooperative organizations of farmers will undoubtedly create new opportunities for the development of low-carbon agriculture. Therefore, this paper innovatively combines the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers and the development of low-carbon agriculture, and constructs the development mechanism of low-carbon agriculture in China. It has great significance for sustainable development of agriculture. The whole research is divided into three parts:The first part is the introduction and the related theoretical basis, including the content of chapter 1 and 2. Firstly, we elaborated the background, purpose and significance, content and methods, technical routes of this research. Then sorted out the results of relevant research at home and abroad, defined the low-carbon agriculture and related concepts of specialized cooperative organizations of farmers. From existing literature researches, we found the content mainly focused on the concept of low-carbon agriculture, the necessity, the evaluation index and development mode. The researches on development mechanism of low-carbon agriculture are less and lack of systematic research. Among the existing low-carbon agricultural development mechanism researches, few are from its related subjects (the government, farmers, etc.) and the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers.The second part is the frame design of China’s low-carbon agriculture development mechanism based on specialized cooperative organizations of farmers, including the content of chapter 3 and 4. Firstly, we analyzed the current situation, influential factors and obstacles in China’s low-carbon agriculture development. We found that the Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture sources and agricultural output are in weak decoupling, and the coupling degree of agricultural carbon sinks and agricultural output is not high. Animal Waste has become a major inducement of China’s methane and nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture sources, and excessive use of pesticide and fertilizer is the major inducement of China’s carbon dioxide emissions from agricultural sources. Sown area and the yield per unit area have a positive correlation with agricultural carbon sinks. China’s low-carbon agriculture development is facing a series of constraints, for example, contradictions between small-scale production and big market contradiction, low efficiency of input and output, farmers’cognitive level, and so on. Based on these, using the evolutionary game, We analyzed the mechanism of specialized cooperative organizations of farmers to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture, which shows that the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers can promote the development of low-carbon agriculture under certain incentive and constraint mechanism; the effect way is to promote low-carbon technologies and concepts; improve low carbon agricultural product added value, as the farmer’s medium of exchange information and improve the ecological environment. Finally, according to the research result, we further design a low-carbon agriculture development mechanism framework including planning mechanism, operation mechanism, incentive mechanism and the feedback control mechanism.The third part is the core of this research which introduced the construct of mechanism of low-carbon agriculture development based on the perspective of specialized cooperative organizations of farmers, including the content of chapter 5 to 8. This section radicated the planning objectives, technical route and planning contents, and established a double planning system of the government and specialized cooperative organizations of farmers. The built mechanism is led by government, which centers on the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers; aims at emission reduction and carbon sequestration. The mechanism is guided by free competition and taking law and ethics as the main content and environmental performance as the evaluation indicator on the foundation of analyzing the principle, the premise and the generate path of the operation mechanism. Based on principal-agent model, constructed incentive mechanism also includes encouraging local government, the public, the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers and the farmers to take part in low-carbon agriculture development. According to cybernetics, constructed feedback and control mechanism of low-carbon agriculture development based on the perspective of specialized cooperative organizations of farmers are built, in addition, the information is evaluated through the feedback control mechanism, which ensure the system does not deviate from the planned target.