Study On Equity Of China’s Basic Endowment Insurance System

Since China’s reform and opening up, the inequity problem of Chinese endowment insurance becomes increasingly prominent in spite of some great progress made in the endowment insurance system. The fundamental cause includes the following aspects: the insured are differ entiated by profession, household registration, labor relation and other conditions; different endowment insurance systems are established and different payment, pension benefit and insurance subsidy rules are applied, resulting in “the fragmentation” of endowment insurance system. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study on Chinese endowment insurance equity from the view of system.This dissertation, according to the pattern of proposing question, analyzing question and then resolving question, is mainly focused on the following aspects:Firstly, this dissertation based on the institutional change theory analyzes the reform process of Chinese endowment insurance system and the causes of its fragmentation since the establishment of People ’s Republic of China( PRC), and then concludes the reform rules. The reform rules are studied from the following four aspects: reform mode, reform cause, reform cost and reform intensity. For the reform mode, compulsive reform transforms to inductive reform; for the reform cause, the potential benefit is obviously larger than the cost; for the reform cost, ideology lowers the reform cost effectively; and for the reform intensity, the change of demand and cost leads to the rising of reform frequency. On this basis, the reform trend of Chinese current endowment insurance system is pointed out.Secondly, in this dissertation endowment insurance equity rules such as “qualification equity ”, “baseline equity”, “tending to caring for the weak”, and “equity first, efficiency considered” conforming to the situation of China are studied and proposed combining the social security eq uity view of foreign countries’ economic theory and the practical experience of western countries ’ endowment insurance equity with China’s actual reality, along the logic path of “social security equity view of foreign countries’ economic theory- practical experience of western countries’ endowment insurance equity- China’s realistic situation- equity principles that should be followed by Chinese endowment insurance- measurement index system of Chinese endowment insurance equity. A series of measurement indexes investigating Chinese endowment insurance equity are designed such as system unification rate, autonomous selection rate of insurance types, autonomous selection rate of individual contribution, autonomous selection rate of unit contribution, region’s basic living security rate, return rate for excess contribution, subsidy rate for excess contribution, and subsidy rate for excess consumption etc. And Rate of Return for Excess Contribution Computable Model(RREC-EM) is built, thus preliminarily constructing endowment insurance equity theory system with Chinese characteristics, helping break through the research approach of copying foreign countries ’ endowment insurance equity theory and providing the foundation for evaluating the equity state of Chinese endowment insurance system and exploring the countermeasures of intensifying Chinese endowment insurance equity.Thirdly, according to the equity measurement index system of Chinese endowment insurance, the dissertation also conducts quantitative analysis and comparative analysis on the equity state of Chinese endowment insurance system taking the “three-track system” endowment insurance system separately established for government public institution, enterprises and urban and rural residents as an example(it is anticipated that the state council ’s “unification” programme about endowment insurance will be officially started in October of 2015 and currently it is executed with the original method in operation). The result shows that in recent years, Chinese endowment insurance system has a rather prominent inequity problem existing in personnel qualification, insurance premium payment, benefit calculation and distribution and subsidy distribution. After analyzing the “fragmentation” system through system economic theory, it is believed that the “fragmentation” system has serious unfavorable impact in the following aspects: inducing social inequity, obstructing personnel mobility and affecting the sustainable development. The fundamental solution is to boost system integration. On this basis, the positive and bitter experiences of typical countries ’ endowment insurance system reformation are introduced and the necessity of the integration and unification of “fragmentation” endowment insurance system is exemplified.Fourthly, the dissertation proposes the idea of building national unified endowment insurance and explores the constructing of the system mode mainly from funding mode, fund equilibrium mechanism, parameter setup principle and basic rule and etc. aiming at intensifying the equity of Chinese endowment insurance. For funding mode, Instant Sum Nominal Defined Contribution( ISNDC) applicable to national unified endowment insurance system is built; for fund equilibrium mechanism, life-time fund equilibrium mechanism of the insured and overall balance mechanism of endowment insurance fund are determined, Insured Persons’ Present Value of Subsidy for Initial Contribution Computing( IPPVSICC) and Insured Persons’ Lifetime Endowment insurance Fund Equilibrium(IPLPIFE) are built based on proposing the assumption of “insured benchmark person”; for parameter setup principle, parameter setup principle under ideal state and reality national condition are both determined; for basic rules, payment, benefit and subsidy rules are built and their realization paths are gradually clarified according to the basic requirements of national unified endowment insurance system guided by the equity. On the basis, the equity and feasibility of national unified endowment insu rance system proposed in the dissertation is empirically analyzed taking Li County, Hunan Province as an example.Finally, in order to put the national unified endowment insurance system into effect, the policy suggestions on the following five aspects are proposed: scientifically formulating implementation program, reasonably integrating current resources, ensuring the effective supply of data, improving the ability to pay fund and establishing a sound multilevel endowment insurance system.The innovations of this dissertation mainly include: 1. Preliminarily building a endowment insurance equity theory system with Chinese characteristics combining social security equity view of foreign countries ’ economic theory and practical experience of western countries’ endowment insurance equity with China ’s actual reality. 2. Systematically building measurement index system of Chinese endowment insurance equity helping break through the current study approach confined in qualitative analysis and comprehensively inve stigating the equity state of Chinese endowment insurance system from the view of quantitive analysis. 3. Innovating some new perspectives for Chinese endowment insurance system equity study. Current studies explore only from the perspective of single endo wment insurance system or “two-track” system separately setup in national public institution and enterprises. However, the dissertation studies the equity problem of Chinese endowment insurance system from the new perspectives of system evolution, cause an alysis, status evaluation and solution ways as well as “three track” system and “multi-track” system. 4. The study realizes the new breakthrough in exploring how to intensify the equity of Chinese endowment insurance. Although currently a few research lite ratures on intensifying the equity of Chinese endowment insurance propose the suggestion to build national unified endowment insurance system, most of them don ’t deeply explore the system mode and implementation path but only propose it as a principled countermeasure. This dissertation explores how to construct the system mode and break through the major difficulties of building national unified endowment insurance system mainly from the following aspects: funding mode, fund equilibrium mechanism, parameter setup principle and basic rule and etc. after proposing the thought of building national unified endowment insurance system.