Jinnan Rural Economic Research In Collectivization Era

Taking use of the Gini coefficient analysis tools, this paper aims to study the distribution of the various elements in rural economy and other related issues in depth on the basis of field interviews and grassroots-hand archives of Zhuo village in Collectivization Era. It also tries to outline the microeconomic changes of the village by analyzing the changes of possession relationship of land and production tools, the distribution of the labor product, the access to the necessities of life and other aspects.As a farming-led village, Zhuo village is a typical plain village and an agricultural village in the north. The characteristics of the agricultural society determine the village economy must be based on the people, animals, plants and the unique local climatic conditions. In Collectivization Era, the power from national public authority was forced to carry out in villages, which not only controlled the political history of the village, but also shaped the economic life of the village. As a result, both the operating in agriculture and the development of economy were influenced and constraint by politics in different degrees in different stages of collectivization.Land reform is a major turning point in the economic life of the village. It was first from the changes of the possession relationship of the land and the production tools that the village economic life began to change. Before land reform, the land distribution of Zhuo village was very uneven. And the Gini coefficient of land distribution was 0.5386.After the land reform to former senior agency, under the private ownership of land status, land distribution tended to average. Under the advocacy of the government, villages gradually embarked on the road of agricultural cooperation, and finally into the people’s commune period.After the land reform, in the period of agricultural mutual aid teams, co-operative movement and the people’s commune, land distribution, food distribution etc presented averaged characteristics. Correspondingly, before senior agency, Gini coefficient of land distribution in Zhuo village was 0.307.During the people’s commune period, for example, Gini coefficient of household food distribution was 0.284. However, this average phenomenon was a relative meaning rather than an absolute meaning.These showed that although within the frame of the system, individual households were still in favor of making a survival choice strategically so as to strive to maximize the benefits no matter how minimal these benefits seem to be."Corruption" was a special way to obtain economic benefits. With the change in economic conditions of the village, the relationships of the villagers living in the village were also undergoing tremendous changes. Class Structure made an ordinary villager who originally did not have a political identity got a political identity of his own due to his family economic status.Villagers’"red" or "black" political identities made the villagers become the country’s "friends" or "enemies", which arranged Villagers’different positions in the everyday economic life. As a result, the "red" identity not only made poor peasants gain political privileged position to become the new rulers and the elites of the village, but also made them possible to use the power to obtain economic benefits. Whereas, the "black " identity made the landlords and the rich peasants at a disadvantage position. In addition to being a political dictatorship, in economic life they also had to hand over "exploitation income". Besides, they had to do the dirty and hard work. Also, when distributing the social product, they were in a subordinate position.