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Industrial Agglomeration And Urban Economic Structural Change: Evolution Mechanism And Empirical Research

Posted on:2016-12-30Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:B B YuFull Text:PDF
GTID:1109330482474069Subject:Industrial Economics
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So far, the rapid growth of China’s economy is closely related with the process of its industrialization and urbanization. China’s economic growth momentum has been from the original industrialization "single-engine" to industrialization and urbanization "double engine". Under the influence of the financial crisis and stage of industrialization, industrial restructuring reduced the space for continued high growth in labor productivity, leading to economic growth from "structural growth" into "new normal" development stage of "structural slowdown", which is due to the industrial structure of a "coexist process of creation and destruction". Worldwide, industry agglomeration, especially in urban agglomeration economies remain the main driver of regional economic growth, and the key to sustainable economic development in the region lies in the rationalization of urban industrial structure changes. Economies of scale generated by urban agglomeration economies, not only conducive to market growth and labor productivity gains, also played a role in expanding domestic demand. In the major strategic context that "give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation" submitted by Eighth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, it is particularly important to grasp the evolution of economic laws of the industrial agglomeration and urban economic structure changes to solve China’s industrial restructuring and development of new urbanization. This paper researches the the evolution of industrial agglomeration and urban economic structure changes in theoretical and empirical research with three perspectives of evolutionary economics, industry convergence theory and spatial spillover effect on, which covers both methods of static and dynamic, two levels of regions and cities and two dimensions of time and space and both directions of gathering and diffusion.Firstly, this paper conducted a theoretical and empirical research about co-evolution of industrial agglomeration and urbanization with evolutionary economics paradigm. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of co-evolution, the paper conducted a systematic discussion of industrial agglomeration and urbanization co-evolution about structure, content, power and phase, the researchers found that interaction between industrial agglomeration and urbanization is a micro, meso, macro-level interaction, the dynamic evolution of the interaction of multi-level and multi-stage. And the micro-level participants in different interactive innovation mechanism under the joint action selection mechanism and diffusion mechanisms, endogenously promote industrial agglomeration and urbanization coupled from embryonic infancy stage of development to the stage again constantly innovative integration level conversion and phase transitions. Through the "Yiwu Business Circle" and "Keqiao Business Circle" case, we find that there are both particularity and universality in the evolution of industrial agglomeration and urbanization. On the one hand, the initial stage of the co-evolution of industrial agglomeration and urbanization is the dominant mode of urbanization or industrial agglomeration, from the heritage and evolution of the region’s economic base and industrial culture and entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the process and direction of co-evolution of industrial agglomeration and urbanization is consistent. Two district evolution of dynamic mechanisms is the positive interaction between markets and industrial clusters (business services and manufacturing clusters), and the ultimate direction of evolution is through the development of the urban economy (such as headquarters economy) to achieve industrial agglomeration and urbanization transition at a higher level and stage.Secondly, interactive effects of manufacturing and service industries as the theoretical framework, the paper used evolutionary game theory from micro-level enterprises to elaborate evolutionary mechanisms and evolution path of urban manufacturing and service industries, and finally taking "Yiwu Business Circle" and "Keqiao Business Circle" for testing the theoretical mechanism with statistical data. The results show that the basis of urban space and scarce factors of production characteristics, there are three interactive effects about manufacturing and services, which are crowding out effect, partial benefit and reciprocity effect. There are three evolution modes between manufacturing and services including urbanization oriented, industrial agglomeration oriented and co-evolution of industrial agglomeration and urbanization. The modalities depends on the difference between the initial endowment and industrial cultures between regions. This is again evidence of Evolutionary Economics analysis paradigm of rationality. In the statistical data of "Yiwu Business Circle" and " Keqiao Business Circle" form 1993 to 2012, this paper introduces the symbiotic evolutionary models portrayed in the next 60 years of manufacturing and service evolution path view of two district. We found there are different interactive effects of both manufacturing and services in different stages of development. But in the end the services will exceed the manufacturing in the two district, but the share of manufacturing and services is dependent on the initial industrial structure manufacturing and service industries. This has once again proven industrial agglomeration and urbanization phase of evolution and direction from the statistical data.Thirdly, based on China’s 285 prefecture-level cities statistical data, this paper used spatial econometric techniques discussed the mechanism of urban agglomeration economies and industrial structure changes to labor productivity from the perspective of spatial spillover. The study found that geographical distance is an important factor in the urban system agglomeration and diffusion effects, there is a significant space correlation and meet the "first law of geography" of labor productivity between China’s cities. And overflow radius industrial labor productivity is significantly higher than the service sector. This shows that the industry is more likely the emergence of industrial transfer and large, medium and small cities the formation of specialized division of labor by cost constraints (such as transport costs, land prices, etc.), which can spill over in a wider range of space. But the services sector is more dependent on the needs of the market, especially the larger population center of the city, and the core cities within the same urban system of services to other cities in the service sector has a substitution effect. There are differences of effects of urban agglomeration economies and industrial structure changes in significant areas, stage and size. Urban economies of specialization of labor productivity in the eastern part of the city has a significant negative effect, but there is a significant role in promoting the urban labor productivity for entering the service stage. Economic diversification is an important source of labor productivity gains in large cities, but it has significant blocking effect on improvement of industrial labor productivity. Fluctuation of industrial structure will help improve the urban industrial labor productivity, especially for the eastern and western cities. Industrial advanced structure does not apply to the industrialization stage city. This means that China as a whole is still in the stage of industrialization rather than the service stage, and industrial restructuring than the internal cross-industry adjustment can be enhanced to improve the urban labor productivity, but not blindly "retreat into three" or the development of services. In addition to view on industrial advanced structure, we should pay more attention to extending and up the value chain within the same industry chain of a city industrial restructuring and labor productivity increased significance.Finally, we use the model of SFA to economic measure efficiency of China’s cities, for testing the mechanism of different industrial clustering model to the city’s economic efficiency. This provides appropriate evidence to support the evolution of industrial agglomeration and urban economic structure changes in direction, and further to providing China’s cases the Williamson hypothesis and openness hypothesis. The study found that from a national perspective, the manufacturing industry agglomeration and the co-agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services to regional economic efficiency is significantly negative, and the impact on regional economic agglomeration manufacturing efficiency has positive to negative and then positive "N" type process, and thus the Williamson hypothesis was expanded and amended. This shows that China’s manufacturing cluster and did not show a significant technology spillover effect, but is the "three high and one low" (high input, high consumption, high pollution and low efficiency) and excessive competition features more obvious, thereby compressing the manufacture corporate profit margins and reducing the economic efficiency of manufacturing agglomeration area. While producer services gained rapid development, but did not form a positive interaction with the manufacturing sector, even under the influence of in some local governments’ policies, both in limited urban space memory in a significant "crowding out". Although manufacturing agglomeration and producer services agglomeration is not significantly retarding effect on regional economic efficiency, but economic development reaches a certain level, the retarding effect will disappear even become promoted. From a regional perspective, manufacturing agglomeration has a significant negative effect to economic efficiency of the central and western cities and supports Williamson hypothesis, and producer services agglomeration and the co-agglomeration of manufacturing and producer has a positive effect to economic efficiency of the central and western cities. Open hypothesis only find empirical evidence gathered in manufacturing the east and west of the city. Effect from the outside look, MAR externalities and Porter externalities on economic efficiency of China’s urban areas, there is a significant negative effect, but Jacobs externalities only has a significant positive effect to economic efficiency of east cities. This conclusion is not only supporting for the evidence to the industrial structure optimization of eastern cities, more importantly, is to propose a warning for the central and western cities and the low level of development of the industry homogeneous competition.
Keywords/Search Tags:Industrial agglomeration, urban economy, industrial structure, co-evolution, evolutionary game theory, Yiwu Business Circle, Keqiao Business Circle, patial econometric analysis
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