Research On Mechanism Of Mineral Resources In China Based On The Ecological Civilization

Mineral resources are not only an important natural resource, but also human important material foundation for economic and social development. Since the founding of the PRC, especially since the reform and opening up, large-scale development and utilization of China’s mineral resources has supported the development of China’s industrialization and modernization. However, with the accelerated development of industrialization and modernization,the consumption of mineral resources increased dramatically, shortage of resources and development needs have become increasingly prominent. At the same time, contradiction between resources development and ecological environment has become increasingly apparent As a result of disorderly exploitation, inefficient use,the valuable minerals are wasted; some local ecological environment has been seriously damaged; the Mining production safety accidents are prone; contradictions of interests and social conflicts in mineral development are prominent, mine ecological and social disharmony are existing. The occurrence of these problems is related not only with the evel of exploitation of mineral resources,the backward viewpoints of protection of mineral resources, the existing primary processing,extensive management of industrial production and the overall socio-economic development mode.However, fundamentally speaking,which is related to the unreasonable interests relationship responsibilities misallocation, imperfect institutional mechanism and unimplemented regulatory system of mineral resources development, utilization, management. In particular, the development of mineral resources involved in the conflict between the central and local, state and private, personal and collective, as well as in different places, among different departments and different production and management sectors. Solution to these problems is not only a purely technical and economic problems,but also requires a material adjustment to the existing powers, interests and responsibilities, fundamentally speaking, which is an institutional and political problems, needs to research and resolve from the institutional and political level.Mineral resources are scarce resources which are exhaustible, non-renewable. The negative externalities of mineral resources development is the result of market failure, theGovernment, as a"visible hand" must intervene when market failure appears. In order to ensure that the limited,non-renewable mineral resources meets the requirements of sustainable economic and social development, the government must be targeted to provide social services and relieve market failures,and play the role of macro-control in the management of mineral resources, to enable the effective function of the market mechanism and to create a good environment for normal regulation, and give full attention to the development of mineral resources in the interests of the allocation mechanism to enhance the fairness and justice. China’s Constitution stipulates that the mineral resources belong to the state. At the same time,the "Mineral Resources Law" stipulates that State ownership of the mineral resources is represented by the State Council. As the executive body of state power, the Govemment justifiably becomes the mineral resource management agency. Stakeholders involved in the development of mineral resources consist of not only the central government, local govemment,but also mining enterprises and mineral residents. In the light of different interest demands and their respective behavior objectives of stakeholders, it requires a balance between the market regulation and the state intervention of government using public authority as a he agent of the owner or purely administrative powers so that interests of the state as the owner can be realized; government interests as administrator can of be defended, the legitimate income of the mining enterprises can be protected;and the reasonable interests of the residents of the mineral deposits come true.Thesis mainly includes five parts:the first part, the mineral resources management and related theoretical basis, including the basic concept of the mineral resources management and relevant theory; The second part, our country present situation and existing problems of mineral resources management mechanism, outlined the history of our country mineral resource management mechanism and then analyzes the present situation of mineral resources management mechanism in our country, puts forward the existing problems; The third part, foreign typical national mineral resources management mechanism, to the United States, Peru, Brazil, Australia and Canada and so on the mineral resources management mechanism and characteristics of five countries were summarized to provide reference for the reform of our country mineral resource management mechanism; The fourth part, ecological civilization and the mineral resources management mechanism reform, analyses the ecological civilization and the relationship between mineral resources management mechanism, and put forward the preliminary mineral resources management mechanism to adapt to the construction of ecological civilization; The fifth part, for iron ore, rare earth and shale gas resource management mechanism reform on case analysis, and put forward mechanism reform of the management to adapt to the characteristics. With the above five parts main contents in the corresponding chapters as follows:The first chapter,introduction.This chapter, the system of carding this article research background, purpose and significance, the present situation of the management of mineral resources at home and abroad and the related problems are studied, such as the capitalization of the mineral resources compensation, ecological environment problems and problems of the combining of mineral resources management and ecological civilization, etc. Under the above basis, put forward in this paper, the research content and train of thought, research methods and technical route and the main innovation point, lay a foundation for the study of the paper.The second chapter, the theoretical basis.This chapter first clear the mineral resources management concept and the characteristic and the connotation of mineral resources management,that Geological process in the process of mineral resources is to point to the earth sports cause deposit of useful substances, collective and rich mineral resources not only with material resources attributes, but also have irrefragable and depletion, dynamic and inhomogeneity and concealment and complexity, the government carries on the management in mineral resource owner and the accumulation of national administration management status of mineral resources, reserves, use, configuration, process planning decision making and adjusting control, supervision and coordination, in order to ensure the development and utilization of mineral resources to achieve the best economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, realize the sustainable utilization of mineral resources.Combining resources value theory, property rights theory, sustainable development theory, environmental bearing capacity theory and the theory of mineral resources planning, as to provide theoretical basis for the perfection of the mechanism of mineral resources management.The third chapter, based on the status of government management of mineral resources development, from the perspective of ecological civilization and ecological civilization perspective contact our mineral resources management mechanisms; perspective of mineral resources from the perspective of ecological civilization under the political, economic, cultural and social aspects of the four factors management mechanisms; proposed mechanism of mineral resources management through the analysis of the structure and framework of the first two aspects for further analysis of specific mineral resource management mechanism in China to pave the way.The fourth chapter,typical national mineral resources management mechanism.This chapter respectively summaries the United States, Peru, Brazil, Australia and Canada five national mineral resources management mechanism, At the same time the generalizes the characteristics of mineral resources management mechanism, such as the United States the difference of management based on the nature of the ownership of mineral resources, the multi-sectoral management under the unified management, multi-level management division is responsible for federal and state and political checks and balances separation supervision mode, Peru and Brazil for the mineral resources and energy resources unified management, big department of mineral resources, the Australian government centralized and unified supervision and management, realize the separation of ownership and managerial authority, Canada shall practise a system of the mining right rent collection. And based on the above the country’s mineral resources management mechanism is analyzed, providing the model for mineral resources management system reform in China.The fifth chapter,ecological civilization and the mineral resources management mechanism reform. This chapter, on the basis of clearing ecological civilization concept and related concept, expounds the ecological civilization and closely interdependent relationship between mineral resources management, and in the perspective of ecological civilization of our country the influence factors of mineral resources management mechanism from the political, economic, social and cultural four aspects are analyzed, discusses our country mineral resource management mechanism reform framework. On this basis, put forward mineral resources management mechanism which adapt to the ecological civilization construction, mainly including:strengthen market configuration function of mineral resources; Strengthen resources exploration, laying solid foundation resources; The construction of green mining, mine environment management; Improve the system of paid use of resources and the ecological compensation system.The sixth chapter,China’s iron ore resource management mechanism. This chapter from the global iron ore supply and demand and supply and demand situation of iron ore resources in our country in the future, combined with the problem of iron ore resource management mechanism in our country, in China’s iron ore resources pricing mechanism as an example to explore the problems existing in the management mechanism of iron ore resources in our country and the innovation mechanism of China’s iron ore management advice. Meanwhile establishing a iron ore resource management system adapting to market economy rules, in addition to strengthen the supervision of the government, must speed up the building is given priority to with the market pricing, can reflect the degree of resource scarcity of iron ore pricing mechanism for mineral resources. As for iron ore resources in the development process of the new situation and new problems, and its essence is main or property rights. Must further clear property rights, standardize the mining right market, cultivate market subjects, strengthen policy guidance, Strengthen the iron ore mine ecological environment protection, recorded into the cost of environmental governance, strengthening corporate social responsibility of iron and steel enterprises with ore, eventually form to meet the need of construction of ecological civilization of the iron ore pricing mechanism for mineral resources.The seventh chapter, the mechanism of rare earth resource management research in China. This chapter from the global supply and demand of rare earth and rare earth resources in our country supply and demand situation in the future, combining with the problem of China’s rare earth resources management mechanism in our country, using the public choice theory, stakeholder theory focuses on analysis problem of rare earth resource management mechanism in our country, the mechanism of the selection process and constraint conditions, the innovation mechanism of rare earth resource management policy recommendations. The formation of rare earth management mechanism in our country is a process of public choice, rare earth leadership of the central government office through the game with other stakeholders, formed the management mechanism of constraint conditions. Rare earth office leadership is the decision of the management mechanism to form factors, can determine the future development path and direction. The rare-earth management mechanism, in addition to the transition of the government’s behavior patterns, the government should establish and improve the stakeholder preferences display and balanced development mechanism of power status.Chapter eight,shale gas resource management mechanism in our country. "Shale revolution" in recent years, the United States to promote shale oil and gas production continues to increase, produce certain effect to the global energy supply situation, shale gas revolution will route to China’s new energy automobile development produce very big effect. The current shale gas technology and market in China is still at the fledgling stage, during which China will not only invest in equipment technology and scientific research strength, will also be more on the policy to support the establishment of the shale gas industry. Comprehensive global shale gas development and utilization status and management mechanism and the present situation of management mechanism of shale gas industry in China, it is concluded that the mechanism of shale gas in China should include the following aspects:starting from the ecological protection and build long-term environmental monitoring system of the development of shale gas; Perfect capital access and exit mechanism of shale gas; Construction to perfect the related database, and promote information management; Improve the infrastructure construction.Chapter nine,the conclusion and prospect. Reviews and summarizes the full text of the conclusion of each chapter, Thesis believes that the current our country has entered the new period, the new-style industrialization and modernization under the background of the era of ecological civilization construction, mineral resources management must adapt to the needs of the construction of ecological civilization, to speed up the pace of reform. On the basis of the thesis summed up, points out the shortage of the following research:management system of mineral resources, no in-depth macroeconomic analysis, fully considering the system factors in the hope that in future research. For mine ecological compensation problems needed further research; Shale gas source management is unclear, the specific issues need to be in the future practice summary and improvement; Due to reasons such as data and information, such as iron ore, rare earth resource management mechanism research remains to be perfect.Paper combines ecological civilization and mineral resources management mechanism, and with iron ore, rare earth resources and related research was conducted on the shale gas resource for instance, so the paper’s main innovation points are:(1) from the perspective of ecological civilization, in this paper, the problem of mineral resources management system and mechanism in our country, construct a new framework of mineral resources management mechanism, clear the goal of mineral resource management in our country are mainly realize sustainable use of resources and the coordinated development of resources and environment, and puts forward the corresponding policy Suggestions.(2) to iron ore, rare earth resources and shale gas resources as an example, in-depth study of the three important resources management mechanism and countermeasures and Suggestions. Using the model and related data to iron ore pricing mechanism in our country are analyzed in detail; Using the public choice theory of public choice process of rare earth resource management and the constraint conditions are analyzed; Suggestions to the shale gas industry management mechanism, etc., these related resources development and utilization has important reference value, is the main features of this research and innovation.