Research On Government Management Of Mineral Resources Development Based On Ecological Civilization

Mineral resources are not only an important natural resource, but also human important material foundation for economic and social development. Since the founding of the PRC, especially since the reform and opening up, large-scale development and utilization of China’s mineral resources has supported the development of China’s industrialization and modernization. However, with the accelerated development of industrialization and modernization, the consumption of mineral resources increased dramatically, shortage of resources and development needs have become increasingly prominent. At the same time, contradiction between resources development and ecological environment has become increasingly apparent. As a result of disorderly exploitation, inefficient use, the valuable minerals are wasted; some local ecological environment has been seriously damaged; the Mining production safety accidents are prone; contradictions of interests and social conflicts in mineral development are prominent, mine ecological and social disharmony are existing. The occurrence of these problems is related not only with the level of exploitation of mineral resources, the backward viewpoints of protection of mineral resources, the existing primary processing, extensive management of industrial production and the overall socio-economic development mode. However, fundamentally speaking, which is related to the unreasonable interests relationship responsibilities misallocation, imperfect institutional mechanism and unimplemented regulatory system of mineral resources development, utilization, management. In particular, the development of mineral resources involved in the conflict between the central and local, state and private, personal and collective, as well as in different places, among different departments and different production and management sectors. Solution to these problems is not only a purely technical and economic problems, but also requires a material adjustment to the existing powers, interests and responsibilities, fundamentally speaking, which is an institutional and political problems, needs to research and resolve from the institutional and political level.Mineral resources are scarce resources which are exhaustible, non-renewable. The negative externalities of mineral resources development is the result of market failure, the Government, as a "visible hand" must intervene when market failure appears. In order to ensure that the limited, non-renewable mineral resources meets the requirements of sustainable economic and social development, the government must be targeted to provide social services and relieve market failures, and play the role of macro-control in the management of mineral resources, to enable the effective function of the market mechanism and to create a good environment for normal regulation, and give full attention to the development of mineral resources in the interests of the allocation mechanism to enhance the fairness and justice. China’s Constitution stipulates that the mineral resources belong to the state. At the same time, the "Mineral Resources Law" stipulates that State ownership of the mineral resources is represented by the State Council. As the executive body of state power, the Government justifiably becomes the mineral resource management agency. Stakeholders involved in the development of mineral resources consist of not only the central government, local government, but also mining enterprises and mineral residents. In the light of different interest demands and their respective behavior objectives of stakeholders, it requires a balance between the market regulation and the state intervention of government using public authority as a he agent of the owner or purely administrative powers so that interests of the state as the owner can be realized; government interests as administrator can of be defended, the legitimate income of the mining enterprises can be protected; and the reasonable interests of the residents of the mineral deposits come true.This dissertation, based on the construction of ecological civilization, and resources in harmony with the environment and sustainable development goals, analyzes the situation of the development of China’s mineral resources, utilization, protection and government to, explores the development of mineral resources and ecological environment protection contradictions and its root causes,and makes recommendations for further transformation of the concept and mode of development,and propose solutions for optimizing management system of government in the development of China’s mineral resources. At the same time, it is also designed to discuss the development and utilization of mineral resources research, to explore how to build a modern government management system adapted to the ecological environment civilization major theoretical and practical issues in the process of new industrialization and new modern.The dissertation is divided into six parts:the theoretical and realistic foundation of the government management of mineral resources development and; historical changes and characteristics of the government management of mineral resources development; current situation of government management of China’s development of mineral resources; government management experience of foreign mineral resources development and some enlightenment; the goals and functions of the position of the government management of mineral resources development; optimization and the countermeasures of the government management of mineral resources development in China. The first part, based on the research status at home and abroad, the theoretical basis of this study, has explained the problems in the development of mineral resources in China. The second part, in accordance with the historical context of ancient, modern, modern, following the Marxist civilized history system, has illustrated historical changes of government of the development of mineral resources in China in primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization and ecological civilization era, and made a more detailed analysis of its characteristics from the three levels of the mechanisms, institutional and legal systems. The third part, based on government management of the status quo of China’s mineral resources development, from three-dimensional perspectives of government management structure, mechanism, the system analyzed the problems which exist in the development and management of mineral resources in China. The problems in the management system level are unclear powers of property rights among central and local governments, unscientific management mode, and unsmooth departmental functions coordination; The problems in the level of management mechanism are unreasonable distribution of benefits, unsound public participation mechanisms, low government regulatory efficiency;. The problems in system level are system of property rights is not clear, the tax and fee system is not scientific, ecological compensation system is not perfect. The fourth part,analyzing management institutions and authority, the development of mineral resources, the way of mining rights management, tax and fee systems, mine ecological protection in the developed countries, has summarized the experiences and lessons in the government mineral resources development and management to provide reference for strengthening our mineral resources development and management. From a global point of view, in the development of mineral resources, the vast majority of countries focus on the protection and management of the mine environment, mine safety management in order to achieve the unity of the economic, social, resource efficiency and environmental benefits.The fifth part,has proposed deep-seated reasons that lead to the development of mineral resources, in addition to resource constraints and institutional constraints, are government management deficiencies and government failure which lead to the root cause of the problem of development of mineral resources in China, therefore under the national conditions of China’s mineral resources, legitimate management objectives should be established, with the supply and demand situation, and rational positioning of the functions of the government should be achieved. The sixth part, has put forward a complete set of countermeasures and suggestions of the government management of mineral resources development in China. The dissertation argues that China has entered a new industrialization and new modern period, and must be based on ecological civilization and sustainable development, and effectively change the development of theory and development to further enhance the level of technology development and utilization of mineral resources, reform and improve the institutional mechanisms of development, use and protection of mineral resources in China. In particular, it is necessary to rationalize the relationship between central and local stakeholders, promote government legal system of mineral resources development, strengthen the regulatory regime for mineral resources development, improve the ecological compensation mechanism of mineral resources development, optimize the coordination of resource development and eco-natural and social harmony.