Study On Multinational Corporationsand Development Of Chinese Regional Innovation

Knowledgeablization and globalization are two major development trends in current world, the two reinforce each other, and promote each other. These two trends are reshaping the global urban functions, reconstructing technological and economic map, and accelerating the formation of global innovation networks (Du Debin,2015). In this context, transnational corporations, as the main disseminator of knowledge spillovers and the dominant force of globalization, achieve optimal allocation of global innovation resources by establishing R&D institutions worldwide and building R&D network. The regional innovation network, deeply embedded in the regional innovation ecosystem to integrate local innovation resources, consists of the global innovation network of TNCs, the regional knowledge innovation network dominated by university, the regional R&D network leaded by research institutions and the business-led regional industrial innovation network. At the same time, as the innovation resources of TNCs flow to China continuously and multinational R&D localization daily deepens, the services of multinational R&D activities range from China to world and the interaction of TNCs and Chinese regional innovation is more extensive, deeper and more frequent. Fully grasp the trend of global innovation resources of TNCs, especially interaction with Chinese regional innovation system, which are significant for promoting the development of Chinese regional innovation and accelerating the construction of an innovative country and implementation of innovation-driven development strategies.According to the literature review, many scholars made detailed and in-depth researches on the investment efficiency and spillover effect of multinational R&D activities, and achieve rich research results. However, innovation value chain as the starting point, decompose the process of multinational innovation into basic research, applied research and development research, and evaluate the innovation efficiency of innovation resources of each stage. Then, explore how the value chain and spatial spillover of multinational innovation efficiency influence promoting innovation efficiency of regional colleges and universities, research institutions and enterprises. Foreign research are less, which are about multinational innovation efficiency and spillover effect from the microscopic perspective, while the relative researches in China are even less. Therefore, the research hopes to make up for deficiencies in this area and enriches multinational theory.It’s for more in-depth analysis of spatial distribution and innovation efficiency of multinational innovation resources and influencing factors, space and value chain spillover effects of innovation efficiency. Firstly, this paper creatively introduces innovative value chain theory. Secondly, the paper decomposes the process of multinational innovation into basic research, applied research and development research. Thirdly, the paper uses three-stage DEA model to measure the innovation efficiency of each stage, and then analyses its influencing factors. In addition, the paper systematically study the spillover effects of space and value chain of multinational innovation efficiency by constructing the spatial econometric model of innovation spillover of TNCs and Chinese colleges and universities, research institutions, enterprises.1. Multinational innovation resources present high-low level convergence, highly aggregate economically developed eastern regionAccording to the spatial distribution and evolution pattern of innovative human resources, innovative capital resources, innovative material resources and innovative knowledge resources, the results show. (1) Multinational innovation resources present a stable high-level or low-level regional convergence. Interregional transfer occurs mainly in the neighborhood. Geographical proximity influences low-level and middle and low-level regions more significantly. (2) Multinational innovation resources highly aggregate economically developed eastern region. The evolution of the spatial distribution is closely related to the level of economic development and technological innovation of the region.2.Transnational Corporation’s Innovation efficiency has significant regional differences, and east part is higher than the middle and west part. High innovation efficiency type of innovation value chain’s applied research stage and the development research stage gathered in the east of Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin region, and the low innovation efficiency gathers in the Midwest, Northwest, Southwest and Northeast. This is due to the high level University’s basic and applied Innovation investment and government’s efforts to support innovation and active regional technology market.(1) From the view of application research phase, the improvement of Transnational Corporation application research innovation efficiency is due to the high level of University’s basic and applied Innovation investment, which contributed to the east of the innovation efficiency, is higher than in the west, and lead to the significant regional differences. In addition, the high innovative human resources quality just improve the efficiency of R&D person allocation in application research stage, but the effect is limited to improve innovation level limited role of innovation. The level of innovation infrastructure has little effect to enhance the efficiency of innovation applied research stage.(2) From the view of development research phase, government’s efforts to support innovation and active regional technology market are the major factors to improve the innovation efficiency, which lead to a huge difference between the eastern and western.At the same time, high innovation efficiency district tend to spread to middle and west part, especially Hubei and Chongqing provinces were into the hig-low innovation efficiency district. Regional market size and the level of regional investment in research and innovation development have little effect to enhance the regional innovation efficiency of resource allocation. Even high level innovative talents haven’t positive influence to improve the efficiency of innovation.3. The influence of TNCs innovation efficiency Spillover effects to China’s universities and research institutions show that TNCs innovation efficiency has the value chain and regional spillover effects to the high innovative efficiency of universities and research institutions. Innovation efficiency spillover effects of application research stage significantly improve the efficiency of universities innovation, and innovation efficiency spillover effects of application research stage and the development research stage improve the efficiency of regional innovation and scientific research institutions, where innovation efficiency of application research stage spillover has greater contribution. In addition, four factors of the strength of TNC innovation network、commissioned research and development level of cooperation, the scale of enterprises and opening degree can contribute to the efficiency of TNC innovation spillover effect, thereby increasing the efficiency of regional innovation Universities. At the same time, these factors’regression coefficients are significantly positive; indicating that four control factors can further promote innovation efficiency of regional research institutions.4. The influence of multinational innovation efficiency Spillover effects to China’s enterprises show that TNCs innovation efficiency has the value chain and regional spillover effects to the high innovative efficiency of enterprises, and innovation efficiency spillover effect of development research phase of the regional innovation efficiency have a significant positive role in promoting the regional innovation efficiency. These factors such as TNCs innovation network strength, commissioned research and development level of cooperation, enterprise scale, opening degree, the activity of technology and external market and acquire knowledge level are beneficial to acquire multinational innovation value chain spillover effect for local enterprises,and further promote regional enterprise innovation efficiency.5. Multinational innovation resources have significant promoting to Chinese regional innovation capability, which have significant positive role in promoting when we used correlation analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient matrix analysis and Granger causality to test, at the same time which provide more rational and scientific explanation for the "Theory of Promotion". Therefore, we should improve the innovative hardware and software environment, establish mechanisms of integration deeply and open innovation, deepen foreign investment and foreign investment management system, and attract multinational resource in order to enhance regional innovation capacity, and promote the development of Chinese regional innovation.