Poverty Reduction Effect Of Rural Reform In China Since 1978

Poverty is one of the toughest challenges the world facing today, eliminating poverty is the common target of human social development. Great achievements have been made in recent decades of poverty reduction in China, it’s reaches two-thirds of the total population of the world poverty reduction population, and the poverty reduction experiences is worthy of study for around the world.This article aims to establish the rural poverty reduction theory analysis framework based on right configuration, and tracing poverty reduction process of economic reform in rural area since 1978 dynamicly, and assessing the poverty reduction effect of right configuration, summarizes the experiences and lessons of the rural poverty reduction, and put forward policy recommendations to eliminate poverty from the perspective of optimize the right configuration.Firstly, this paper defines the the concept of poverty, clarifying the connotation of right, power and right configuration, abstract three core rights which influence poverty in rural areas, and expounds the general mechanism of right to rural poverty, and constructed a three-dimensional poverty reduction growth theory basis and analysis method on the framework of right configuration portfolio. Secondly, according to the characteristics of rural economic system reform and the right configuration changes, we divided China’s 30 years of rural reform process into three stages: reform initial stage(1978-1992), reform speed slowdown stage(1993-2002), and comprehensively deepen reform stage(2003- present) and tracking it dynamicly, and describes the rural reform more than 30 years of poverty reduction process, and has carried on the theory from the perspective of right configuration. Thirdly, using the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) data in 1993, 2004 and 2011, we decomposit the poverty reduction effect of right configuration from the perspective of income distribution density function and using national provincial panel data from 2000-2012, and selected proxy variables to test the effect of rights for farmers’ income growth empirically. Finally, it puts forward the policy recommendations to optimize the allocation of rights and realize the rural poverty reduction. Through the research, this paper draws the following five conclusions:(1) The key of rural poverty reduction is to optimize the allocation of rights. The essence of poverty is the lack of the right, participation right is the premise of realizing the rural poverty reduction and income right is the subject of the rural poverty reduction, security right to further expand rural poverty reduction coverage, different rights allocation and combination corresponds to different poverty reduction effect and path, the combination of equal right to participation, widely income right and adequate security right is the optimal path for poverty reduction.(2)China’s rural economic system changes follow a right combination of continuous optimization of benign path dependence. In 30 years of rural economic system transition process, the poor people in the rural area of our country from 2.5 billion at the beginning of the reform and opening up, down to existing 2300 yuan poor standard of 7017 million people, allocation of rights also achieved by participation in low, low income right, without the protection of the right to participate in more equal, income rights more widely and security in general transformation.(3) From 1993 to 2004, the national rural decrease deficient effect accounted for more than half of the poor reduction effect in 30 years of reform, the eastern area reduced the effectiveness of poverty more than the central and western regions, the loss of security function in the central and western regions to become the biggest stumbling block lie in the reduction of poverty. During this period, the national poverty reduction effect reached 23.36%, accounted for 1993-2011 59.3% of poor effect of 39.39% reduction, the main reasons for poverty reduction is overall economic growth, income allocation optimization revenue right effect, the absence of security right to play an unignored “inverse regulation” effectin the poverty reduction.(4) From 2004 to 2011, the national rural reduced pace of poverty tends to slow down, thanks to the policy of benefit agriculture, village and farmers, the central and western rural areas become mainly power of poverty reduction, security right configuration begain to optimize and negative effect has been checked, but the overall poor reduction difficulty began to increase. During this period, the total effect of poverty reduction from the last stage of 23.36% decrease to 16.03%, especially in the eastern part of this stage, the poverty reduction of the total effect is only 7.22%.(5) Right configuration contribute 25.64% of the sum of absolute value in improving farmers’ income, among them, the participation right of contribution accounted for 66.2%, income right and security right contribute smaller. Government should safeguard fair competition in the market environment and provide poverty groups provide more and higher quality of public goods for poverty groups, and by increasing the participation rights of the market economy and gradually out of poverty and become rich, especially it should make general security right transition to universal and full security right gradually.Compared with the existing literature, the possible innovations of this paper are as follows:(1) The theoretical analysis framework of rural poverty reduction is constructed based on the perspective of rights allocation. Existing research mostly from the stage of economic development theory, regional development obstacles and feasible capacity is insufficient theory to study the causes of rural poverty, this paper argues that poverty and right are closely related, from rights allocation perspective sketches a three-dimensional reducing poverty growth curve, has the important theory significance.(2) We assessed poverty reduction effect of rural reform since 1978 from the perspective of the right configuration for the first time. In this paper, we constructed hybrid weighted Lorentz curve model, using parameter fitting method to fit the dynamic change of farmers’ income, and based on the connection between Lorenz curve and income distribution density function, we decomposit the poverty reducing effects in reform from perspective of income right effect and security right effect, and the assessment is credible.(3)We build a dynamic panel data model to evaluate the empirical effect of right configuration to farmers’ income growth, this paper selects the urbanization rate, the rural education level of average per person as the participation of the proxy variables, wage income accounted for ratio and transfer income accounted for the ratio respectively as a proxy variable for income right and security right, and analyse the contribution degree of right configuration to farmers’ income growth based on the regression equation decomposition analysis, this may be provides a new way of thinking for the follow-up Research.