Research On The Measurement Of Multidimensional Poverty And The Effect Of Fiscal Poverty Alleviation Policy

Poverty not only can hinder economic development,but also can affect social harmony and stability.For a long time,how to effectively eliminate poverty has been the focus of governments,academics also have not given up in-depth discussion on the issue.With our country's poverty alleviation goals from solving the food and clothing for the poor to ensure the family out of poverty "two worries,three guarantees",the government's poverty alleviation ideas gradually evolved from a single income(or consumption)standard to multidimensional standards including education,health,medical,housing and so on.However,although the goal of poverty alleviation at this stage reflects the thought of multidimensional poverty,our official has not yet introduced the unified multidimensional poverty standard,the identification of poverty subjects is mainly based on income-based poverty line standards,leading to the poverty subjects and poverty alleviation goals deviate and disjoint,seriously affecting the effectiveness of poverty alleviation work.Therefore,it is of certain guiding significance and practical value to systematically construct the multidimensional poverty index system which is in line with China's actual situation and comprehensively measure the multidimensional poverty situation in our country.On the other hand,the financial expenditure has been an effective tool for the government to alleviate regional poverty and narrowing disparities all along.In recent years,although the scale of government investment in rural areas has been expanding,but the rural poverty alleviation rate is slowing down,the rate of return to poverty has the tendency to speed up,the effect of financial poverty alleviation is not satisfactory.Therefore,it is imperative for the government effectively carrying out the work of financial poverty alleviation to construct an appropriate model to accurately assess the poverty reduction effectiveness of various fiscal expenditures,so as to improve the accuracy and precision of fiscal policy.Firstly,basing on the poverty "double recognition" of Alkire&Foster,combining with the duration analysis method of Foster,this paper from the multidimensional welfare and dynamic change angles empirically analyzes the multidimensional poverty state of Chinese rural areas,and also do the index and regional decomposition so as to identify the causes of poverty and the distribution of poverty areas and implement different measures according to people and places.Secondly,this paper analyzes the changes of the government's financial poverty alleviation expenditure in recent years so as to clarify the problems of governments at all levels in financial poverty alleviation investment,and analyze the poverty reduction mechanism of financial poverty alleviation expenditure directly and indirectly,with a view to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the follow-up empirical research.Finally,with the results of multidimensional poverty measurement and relevant data of family and provincial level,this paper mainly dissects the effectiveness of financial expenditure on agriculture,financial education expenditure and rural social relief expenditure at macro(province)level and the new rural cooperative medical subsidy at the micro(family)level on the(family)incidence of multidimensional poverty through multilevel logistic regression model,and simultaneously explore the effect of the above macro and micro level factors on the poverty deprivation depth of multidimensional poverty families through linear multilevel regression model.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:In terms of multidimensional poverty,the poverty of rural areas in China is still dominated by long-term poverty.Although the overall poverty situation is improving,the incidence of poverty is still higher,the deprivation of poor families is still deeper and the poverty duration of poor families is still longer;The proportion of home adult labor employed in regular unit,per capita education period,medical insurance and per capita income are the major contributors to rural multidimensional poverty and long-term multidimensional poverty;China's rural multidimensional poverty is mainly concentrated in western and central regions,and the poverty degree of northeast and eastern regions is relatively weak.At the same time the poverty gap between the western and central,northeastern and eastern regions has the tendency to shrink;In addition,the rate of out of poverty is lower and has a declining trend in recent years,but simultaneously the rate of return to poverty is higher and has an increasing trend.In terms of poverty reduction effect,in the case of factors such as the size of the family,the number of elderly people aged 70 and above,the number of people attending school at home,the number of serious illnesses at home,and the number of unemployed households at home being controlled,the new rural cooperative medical subsidy at the micro level not only can significantly reduce the possibility of family falling into multidimensional poverty,but also can effectively reduce the poverty level of poor families;Financial expenditure on agriculture,financial education expenditure and rural social relief expenditure at macro level all have a significant impact on the incidence of rural multidimensional poverty and poor derivation of poor families,but there are some differences in the specific effectiveness of poverty reduction,and per capita financial expenditure on agriculture,per capita financial education expenditure and per capita rural social relief expenditure each increase 1 unit,the probability of occurrence of multidimensional poverty ratio will be reduced by0.304,0.150,0.247units,and correspondingly the poverty deprivation depth of multidimensional poverty families will be mitigated by 0.004,0.030,0.004 unit.